Glencoe Biology - Chapter 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 : Chemistry in Biology

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33 Terms

1

Acid

Has a ph less than 7. Stomach HCL, vinegar, tomatoes

2

Activation energy

Minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction.

<p>Minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction.</p>
3

Active site

Specific place where a substrate binds on an enzyme.

<p>Specific place where a substrate binds on an enzyme.</p>
4

Atom

Building block of matter; contains subatomic particles: neutrons, protons, and electrons.

<p>Building block of matter; contains subatomic particles: neutrons, protons, and electrons.</p>
5

Base

A basic solution has a ph greater than 7. Drain cleaner, bleach, NaOH

6

Buffer

Mixture that can react with an acid or a base to maintain the ph within a specific range. important for homeostasis so your bodily fluids don't get out of whack

<p>Mixture that can react with an acid or a base to maintain the ph within a specific range. important for homeostasis so your bodily fluids don't get out of whack</p>
7

Catalyst

Substance that speeds up a chemical reaction by reducing the needed amount of activation energy.

<p>Substance that speeds up a chemical reaction by reducing the needed amount of activation energy.</p>
8

Chemical reaction

Energy-requiring process by which atoms or groups of atoms are changed into different substances.

<p>Energy-requiring process by which atoms or groups of atoms are changed into different substances.</p>
9

Electron

Negatively charged particle that orbits an atom's nucleus.

<p>Negatively charged particle that orbits an atom's nucleus.</p>
10

Element

Pure substance composed of only type of atom; cannot be broken down into another substance by physical or chemical means.

<p>Pure substance composed of only type of atom; cannot be broken down into another substance by physical or chemical means.</p>
11

Enzyme

A biological catalyst that speeds up a reaction by lowering the amount of activation energy needed to start the reaction. It is a special protein.

<p>A biological catalyst that speeds up a reaction by lowering the amount of activation energy needed to start the reaction. It is a special protein.</p>
12

Hydrogen bond

Weak electrostatic bond formed by the attraction of opposite charges between a hydrogen atom and an oxygen, fluorine, or nitrogen atom.

<p>Weak electrostatic bond formed by the attraction of opposite charges between a hydrogen atom and an oxygen, fluorine, or nitrogen atom.</p>
13

Neutron

Particle without a charge in an atom's nucleus.

<p>Particle without a charge in an atom's nucleus.</p>
14

Nucleus

Center of an atom; contains neutrons and protons.

15

pH

Measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions (h+) in a solution; indicates the relative strength of an acid or a base: an acidic solution has a ph value less than 7, a basic solution has a ph value greater than 7, and pure water is neutral with a ph value

<p>Measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions (h+) in a solution; indicates the relative strength of an acid or a base: an acidic solution has a ph value less than 7, a basic solution has a ph value greater than 7, and pure water is neutral with a ph value</p>
16

Polar molecule

Molecule with oppositely charged regions.

<p>Molecule with oppositely charged regions.</p>
17

Product

Substance formed by a chemical reaction; located on the right side of the arrow in a chemical equation.

<p>Substance formed by a chemical reaction; located on the right side of the arrow in a chemical equation.</p>
18

Proton

Positively charged particle in an atom's nucleus.

<p>Positively charged particle in an atom's nucleus.</p>
19

Reactant

Substance that exists before a chemical reaction starts; located on the left side of the arrow in a chemical equation.

<p>Substance that exists before a chemical reaction starts; located on the left side of the arrow in a chemical equation.</p>
20

Solute

Substance dissolved in a solvent.(salt, koolaid)

<p>Substance dissolved in a solvent.(salt, koolaid)</p>
21

Solution

Homogeneous mixture formed when a substance (the solute) is dissolved in another substance (the solvent).

<p>Homogeneous mixture formed when a substance (the solute) is dissolved in another substance (the solvent).</p>
22

Solvent

Substance in which another substance is dissolved.(water)

<p>Substance in which another substance is dissolved.(water)</p>
23

Substrate

Reactant to which an enzyme binds.

<p>Reactant to which an enzyme binds.</p>
24

adhesion

Water molecules sticking to other surfaces.

<p>Water molecules sticking to other surfaces.</p>
25

cohesion

Water molecules sticking to each other.

<p>Water molecules sticking to each other.</p>
26

surface tension

A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid

<p>A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid</p>
27

Denature

To render(make) an enzyme useless. Enzyme is destroyed usually by a change in pH or high temperature

28

CHONCaP

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Ca and Phosphorous. Main elements in living things.

29

Universal Solvent

Water- due to its polarity and ability to dissolve many different solutes. (salt, sugars...)

30

endothermic reaction

A reaction that ABSORBS energy in the form of heat

31

exothermic reaction

A reaction that releases energy in the form of heat

32

High Heat Capacity

absorbs and releases large amounts of heat before changing temperature. Important for homeostasis and climate.

33

Capillary action

the combined force of attraction among water molecules and with the molecules of surrounding materials. Allows water to travel up small tubes and spaces (like between the fibers of a paper towel)