Eukaryote Organelles

2.1

What is ribosomes made of?

Ribosomal RNA

What types of ribosomes are in Prokaryotes?

Cytosolic Ribosomes

What type of ribosomes are in Eukaryotes?

Cytosolic Ribosomes and Rough ER ribosomes

What does the rough endoplasmic reticulum do?

Packs newly synthesized proteins for transport to other parts of cell or export from cell

What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER?

Smooth ER doesn’t have ribosomes attached

What does smooth endoplasmic reticulum do?

Detoxification and Lipid synthesis

What does the Golgi apparatus do? (3)

1) Helps with correct folding of proteins

2) Chemical modification of newly synthesized proteins

3) Packing for protein trafficking

What are the membrane vesicles that help the Golgi apparatus move materials? (2)

1) Incoming transport vesicles

2) Secretary Vesicles

What membranes does the mitochondria have?

Inner and Outer membrane

What are the folds on the inner membrane of the mitochondria called?

Cristae

What is the Lysosome responsible for?

Digestion of damaged cell parts

What is the Lysosome filled with?

Hydrolytic enzymes

What cells are Vacuoles in?

Plant cells

What cells are chloroplasts in?

Plant cells

What do vacuoles do? (2)

1) Store water and other macromolecules

2) Release waste from cell

What membranes does the Chloroplast have?

Inner and Outer membrane

What does the chloroplast do?

Captures energy from the sun and produces sugar

What is the chloroplast made of? (2)

1) Thylakoid

2) Stroma

What is inside the thylakoid? (2)

1) Grana

2) Chlorophyll

What is grana?

Folded membrane compartments in stacks

What is the stroma?

Fluid between the inner membrane and thylakoid

What process happens in the stroma?

Carbon fixation

What is another name for carbon fixation?

Calvin-Benson cycle

What cycle happens in the matrix of the mitochondria?

Krebs cycle

What processes take place in the inner membrane of the mitochondria? (2)

1)Electron Transport Chain

2)ATP Synthesis

What are plasma membranes made of?

Phospholipids

What part of phospholipids are polar?

Heads

What are of phospholipids are non polar?

Tails

Who are plasma membranes found in?

People

Who are cell walls found it?

Plants

What is the point of a cell wall?

1) Protects shape of cell

2) Prevents cellular rupture when internal water pressure is high

2) Helps plants stand against gravity

How do vacuoles function? What is it called?

Water flows into vacuoles, and they expand and press against cell walls, and the cell walls expand and put pressure on the cell - Turgor pressure

What is the optimum state for plant cells?

Turgidity

Turgidity definition

Swollen and rigid

What is the point of a plasma membrane in a cell?

To keep a different environment inside than outside

What is the benefit to Eukaryotic cells having organelles?

Metabolic processes are quicker and more efficient

Where is genetic information stored in prokaryotic cells?

The nucleoid region