Spheres of the Earth and Soil

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Unit 1 Science test

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6 Terms

1
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Lithosphere/Geosphere

  • This is the ground we walk on

  • The solid outer surface of the Earth

  • Allows land organisms to migrate, forage, and reproduce

  • Regulates global temperatures

  • Provides nutrients for plants (then animals) when rocks and minerals are broken down (soil)

  • Supports other spheres

2
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Hydrosphere

  • Water in all its forms (70% of the surface in lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers, streams, ect…)

  • Allows water species to migrate, forage, and reproduce

  • Regulates global temperatures

  • As the Earth’s population increases, we need to keep in mind how our freshwater is being stored and conserved

3
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Atmosphere

  • Composition of gases that sustain life

  • 78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, and 1% Trace Gases (Co2, Methane, and greenhouse gases)

  • Allows air species to migrate, forage, and reproduce

  • Regulates global temperatures to sustain life

  • Stores water vapour as clouds

4
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Biosphere

  • Holds all the spheres of life together

  • They revolve around the biosphere

  • Where living organisms can be found

5
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Soil

  • One of Earth's most precious and valuable resources

  • Soil provides us with food, clothing, metals, medicine, and water purifiers

  • Soil provides other life with homes, food and purified water

  • Plays a crucial role in driving the nitrogen and carbon cycles

  • Soils would be healthier if we switched to organic farming techniques

  • 30% of the Earth’s soils are degraded

  • deforestation, urbanization, pollution, landslides, wildfires, and soil erosion are all human made treats to soil health

  • The largest threat to healthy soils is agriculture (farmers aren’t properly taking care of their land)

  • To fix the soil degradation we need to switch to “regenerative agriculture” and educate the community on the problem and solutions

6
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Soil horizons

  1. Organic Layer - Humus

  2. Topsoil - Minerals with Humus

  3. Eluviation Layer - Leached minerals and organic matter

  4. Subsoil - deposited minerals and metal salts

  5. Parent Rock - Partly withered rock

  6. Bedrock - Unbothered