Funds Final Exam Review

Flashcards for Nursing Exam Review

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

A motivational theory in psychology comprising a five-tier model of human needs, often depicted as hierarchical levels within a pyramid.

Clinical Manifestations of Stress

Physiological processes and physical responses that manifest when the body is under stress, involving both the sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (rest and digest) nervous systems.

Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Prevention

Methods of preventing disease or injury before it occurs (e.g., vaccinations), reducing the impact of a disease or injury that has already occurred (e.g., screening), and managing long-term health problems (e.g., rehabilitation).

Defense Mechanisms

Unconscious psychological strategies used to cope with difficult situations or unacceptable feelings.

Nursing Process

A systematic, rational method of planning and providing individualized nursing care, involving assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation.

Confidentiality in Computer Documentation

Maintaining the privacy of patient information stored in electronic health records.

ISBAR

Standardized framework used for communicating patient information in a clear and structured format; includes Introduction, Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation.

Cultural Aspects in Nursing

Consideration of a patient's cultural background, including beliefs about personal space, communication styles, and health practices, in the delivery of care.

Medical Asepsis

Aseptic technique aimed at reducing the number of microorganisms to prevent the spread of infection.

Surgical Asepsis

Aseptic technique used to eliminate all microorganisms, including pathogens and spores, from an object or area.

Standard Precautions

A set of infection control practices used to prevent transmission of diseases that can be acquired by contact with blood, body fluids, non-intact skin (including rashes), and mucous membranes.

Donning and Doffing PPE

The sequence of putting on (donning) and taking off (doffing) personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize contamination.

Logrolling

A technique used to turn a patient as a single unit while maintaining spinal alignment.

Active and Passive Range of Motion (ROM)

Exercises in which the patient can move their joints freely or with minimal assistance versus exercises where someone else moves the patient’s joints.

Factors Affecting Hygiene

Factors such as personal preferences, cultural practices, and physical limitations that influence a patient's hygiene practices.

Risk Factors for Pressure Injuries

Prolonged pressure, friction, shear, moisture, impaired mobility, malnutrition, decreased sensory perception, and advanced age.

Stages of Pressure Injuries

Localized damage to the skin and/or underlying tissue as a result of pressure, usually over a bony prominence, categorized into stages based on the depth of tissue damage.

Pressure Injury Prevention

Techniques such as frequent turning and repositioning, pressure-redistributing devices, skin care, and nutritional support.

Falls Risk Assessment

Assessment tools used to identify patients at risk of falling, considering factors such as age, medical history, medication use, and mobility.

Protective Devices

Devices used to limit a patient's movement to prevent injury, with careful consideration for patient safety, comfort, and psychological well-being.

Vital Sign Norms

Normal ranges for body temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation.

Factors Affecting Pulse Rate and Blood Pressure

Age, exercise, stress, medications, and underlying health conditions.

Physical Exam Techniques

Inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation.

Auscultation Areas of the Heart

Aortic, pulmonic, Erb's point, and tricuspid areas

Abnormal Curvatures of the Spine

Scoliosis (lateral curve), kyphosis (hunchback), and lordosis (swayback).

Abnormal Lung Sounds

Wheezing, crackles (rales), rhonchi, and stridor.

Pupil Assessment

Assessing the neuro system, involving size, shape, symmetry and reaction to light.

Hypervolemia

Increased fluid volume in the body, often due to heart failure or kidney disease.

Hypovolemia

Decreased fluid volume in the body, often due to dehydration or blood loss.

Regulation of Fluid Volume

Fluid and electrolyte balance; kidneys, hormones.

Symptoms of Dehydration

Nausea, dizziness, confusion, dark urine.

Fat Soluble and Water Soluble Vitamins

Vitamins that are stored in the body vs vitamins that are not and are excreted in the urine.

Inaccurate Oxygen Saturation Readings

Oxygen saturation levels being affected by poor circulation, nail polish or movement.

Postural Drainage

Positioning the patient to drain secretions from specific lung areas using gravity.

Indications of Infection in Older Adults

Changes such as confusion, falls, or incontinence.

Abnormal Characteristics of Stool

Color (red, dark), consistency (hard, loose), odor (pungent), components such as mucus or blood.

Medications Contributing to Constipation

Diet, activity and certain medications.

Nonmedicinal Methods of Pain Control

Distraction, massage, heat or cold therapy, relaxation techniques, meditation, aromatherapy.

Six Rights of Medication Administration

Right Patient, Right Medication, Right Dose, Right Route, Right Time, Right Documentation.

Phases of Wound Healing

Hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling.

Types of Wounds

Surgical wounds, pressure injuries, abrasions..

Ways Wounds Heal

Primary intention, secondary intention, and tertiary intention.

Effects of Immobility on the Body

Decreased muscle strength/endurance, contractures, constipation, lung collapse, blood clots, depression.