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Peridotite
A coarse-grained ultramafic rock.
Gabbro
A coarse-grained mafic rock
Dolerite
A medium-grained mafic rock
Basalt
A fine-grained, mafic, igneous rock.
Andesite
Fine-grained igneous rock of intermediate composition. Up to half of the rock is plagioclase feldspar.
Granite
A coarse-grained, intrusive, silicic igneous rock.
Rhyolite
A fine grained silicic igneous rock
Obsidian
An igneous rock made of volcanic glass
Equicrystalline
An igneous rock where the crystals are all around the same size
Porphyritic
Igneous texture characterized by large, well-formed crystals surrounded by finer-grained crystals
Flow banding
A texture (in some volcanic rocks) consisting of alternating layers of different mineralogical composition and formed as a result of flowing lava
Vesicular
An igneous rock with small circular holes called vesicles
Amygdaloidal
An igneous rock with vesicles completely or partially filled with minerals
Tuff
A rock made up of volcanic ash
Phenocrysts
large crystals in porphyritic rocks
Groundmass
The finer-grained crystals that surrounds large crystals in some igneous or metamorphic rocks.
Euhedral
Clear crystal faces. Able to grow freely in a magma
Anhedral
A crystal grown in a tight space, no clear crystal faces
