Economic Revolution - 5

What innovations formed the basis of the Market Revolution?

Transportation (steamboats, canals, railroads) and communication (telegraph).

What was a significant impact of water transport innovations?

Increased transport speed and lowered costs for moving goods.

Who invented the steamboat, and why was it important?

Robert Fulton; it allowed for faster, more efficient river travel.

What did the Erie Canal connect, and when was it completed?  

It connected the Great Lakes to New York City, completed in 1825.

What was the first commercial railroad, and when was it established?  

 The B&O Railroad, in 1825.

What significant advancement did Samuel Morse create in 1844?

The telegraph.

How many people crossed the Appalachians between 1790 and 1840?

4.5 million.

 What treaty in 1819 ceded Florida to the U.S.?  

 The Adams-Onis Treaty.

 What invention by Eli Whitney impacted the demand for cotton?

The cotton gin, which rapidly separated seeds from cotton fiber.

 How did westward expansion affect the North's economy?

It transformed the region from self-sufficient farming to a market economy.

What two tools increased productivity on farms?

The steel plow and the reaper.

Which city experienced the greatest population boom by 1860?

Chicago, becoming the 4th largest city in the U.S.

 What was the purpose of early factories?

To gather large groups under centralized control for efficient production.

 Where was the first U.S. factory established, and by whom?

In Rhode Island by Samuel Slater in 1790.

What was the significance of the Lowell Textile Mill?  

 It was America’s first major factory town, with women operating the spinning machines.

What was Manifest Destiny?  

The belief that the U.S. was destined to expand from coast to coast.

Who was a prominent revival preacher in the Second Great Awakening? 

Charles Finney.

What impact did the Second Great Awakening have on American society?

It democratized Christianity and inspired social movements.

Who promoted the idea of the “Self-Made Man”? 

John Jacob Astor.

What societal expectation did women face during this period? 

The "separate spheres" ideology, confining them to the domestic sphere.

What did the 1842 case Commonwealth v. Hunt establish?

The right to form unions and closed-shop agreements.