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The two ways of computing resource utilization are…
resources used divided by resources available
demand rate divided by service rate times number of servers
truths about computing resource utilization
one method of calculating utilization computes it as a proportion of available resources that are being used
one method of calculating utilization computes it based on the ratio of the demand to the effective service capacity
utilization in most job shops ranges from 65 percent to 90 percent while movie theaters average 5 to 20 percent
throughput
if you are measuring parts per day or transactions per minute, you likely are calculating…
throughput, flow time, and work-in-process
Little’s Law is a simple equation that explains the relationship among…
1000 × ¼ = 250
If a coffee shop makes 1,000 cups of coffee per week, each of which uses 1/4 pound of coffee beans, and it typically maintains an inventory of 200 pounds of coffee beans, ____ is the throughput.
customer, server
In a queueing system, a _______ might be a machine waiting for repair or a phone call awaiting a customer service representative. A(n) ______ might be a repairperson or a customer service representative
truths about queueing theory
a serpentine line is one line feeding into several servers
people expect to be treated first come, first served
designing a process to avoid waiting can be costly to the service provider
arrivals, service times
analytical queueing models assume a Poisson probability distribution for ________ and an exponential distribution for ________
fixed time
In a(n) ______ modeling system, the number of arrivals is counted and whether or not a customer is being serviced during each one-minute interval is determined. Then what happens during the next one-minute interval is considered, and so forth.
anything in an organization that limits it from moving toward or achieving its goal, idle capacity exists
In the Theory of Constraints (TOC), a constraint is defined as ____________________, and a non-bottleneck work activity is one in which _________
basic principles of the theory of constraints
only the bottleneck workstations are critical to achieving process and factory objectives and should be scheduled first
an hour lost at a bottleneck resource is an hour lost for the entire process or factory output
work-in-process buffer inventory should be placed in front of bottlenecks to maximize resource utilization at the bottleneck
endlessly back up in front of that resource
In a process, whenever one resource’s utilization is greater than 100 percent, the work orders will…
