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Alien an Sedition Acts
a series of four laws enacted in 1798 to reduce the political power of recent immigrants to the United States.
Nullification
A state's refusal to recognize an act of Congress that it considers unconstitutional
Cabinet
Advisory council for the president.
two-party system
An electoral system with two dominant parties that compete in national elections.
Protective Tariff
A tax on imported goods that raises the price so people will buy domestic goods
excise tax
a tax on the production or sale of a good
Neutrality
A refusal to take part in a war between other nations
Sectionalism
Loyalty to one's own region of the country, rather than to the nation as a whole
XYZ Affair
A 1797 incident in which 3 low level French officials demanded a bribe from U.S. diplomats
Midnight Judges
Last-minute judicial appointments of judges with federalist beliefs that were made by President Adams just before Thomas Jefferson took office
Judicial Review
The power of the courts to declare laws unconstitutional
Marbury v. Madison
This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review
Lewis and Clark
Sent on an expedition by Jefferson to gather information on the United States' new land and map a route to the Pacific.
Louisiana Purchase
1803 purchase of the Louisiana territory from France. Made by Jefferson, this doubled the size of the US.
Sacagawea
Native American woman that helped Lewis and Clark
Aaron Burr
Jefferson's Vice President that killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel
John Marshall
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court appointed by John Adams
Blockade
an act or means of sealing off a place to prevent goods or people from entering or leaving.
Impressment
British practice of taking American sailors and forcing them into military service
War Hawks
Southerners and Westerners who were eager for war with Britain.
Andrew Jackson
The seventh President of the United States, who as a general in the War of 1812 defeated the British at New Orleans.
Tecumseh
a famous chief of the Shawnee who tried to unite Indian tribes against the increasing white settlement.
Treaty of Ghent
Ended the War of 1812 and restored the status quo.
Embargo
an official ban on trade or other commercial activity with a particular country.
William Henry Harrison
was an American military leader that ed US forces in the Battle of Tippecanoe. He later became the ninth President.