chap 6 launching a new nation

Alien an Sedition Acts

a series of four laws enacted in 1798 to reduce the political power of recent immigrants to the United States.

Nullification

A state's refusal to recognize an act of Congress that it considers unconstitutional

Cabinet

Advisory council for the president.

two-party system

An electoral system with two dominant parties that compete in national elections.

Protective Tariff

A tax on imported goods that raises the price so people will buy domestic goods

excise tax

a tax on the production or sale of a good

Neutrality

A refusal to take part in a war between other nations

Sectionalism

Loyalty to one's own region of the country, rather than to the nation as a whole

XYZ Affair

A 1797 incident in which 3 low level French officials demanded a bribe from U.S. diplomats

Midnight Judges

Last-minute judicial appointments of judges with federalist beliefs that were made by President Adams just before Thomas Jefferson took office

Judicial Review

The power of the courts to declare laws unconstitutional

Marbury v. Madison

This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review

Lewis and Clark

Sent on an expedition by Jefferson to gather information on the United States' new land and map a route to the Pacific.

Louisiana Purchase

1803 purchase of the Louisiana territory from France. Made by Jefferson, this doubled the size of the US.

Sacagawea

Native American woman that helped Lewis and Clark

Aaron Burr

Jefferson's Vice President that killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel

John Marshall

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court appointed by John Adams

Blockade

an act or means of sealing off a place to prevent goods or people from entering or leaving.

Impressment

British practice of taking American sailors and forcing them into military service

War Hawks

Southerners and Westerners who were eager for war with Britain.

Andrew Jackson

The seventh President of the United States, who as a general in the War of 1812 defeated the British at New Orleans.

Tecumseh

a famous chief of the Shawnee who tried to unite Indian tribes against the increasing white settlement.

Treaty of Ghent

Ended the War of 1812 and restored the status quo.

Embargo

an official ban on trade or other commercial activity with a particular country.

William Henry Harrison

was an American military leader that ed US forces in the Battle of Tippecanoe. He later became the ninth President.