Visualizing Human Bio Ch 5

Epithelial tissue

Covers the body, lines all cavities, and makes up the glands; it has neither blood vessels nor any extracellular substances between the cells.

Columnar

A type of epithelial tissue; example: digestive organs.

Cuboidal

A type of epithelial tissue; example: kidneys.

Squamous

A type of epithelial tissue; example: lungs.

Connective tissue

Connects the structures of the body; binds, supports, and anchors it; most abundant type of tissue in the body.

Soft connective tissue

Examples include parts of our skin, tendons, and blood vessels.

Matrix of connective tissue

Composed of semi-fluid substance and fibroblasts that secrete fibers, and white blood cells that fight infection.

Loose connective tissue

Example of soft connective tissue; subcutaneous loose connective tissue.

Dense regular connective tissue

Example of connective tissue; tendon.

Elastic connective tissue

Example of connective tissue; aorta.

Hyaline cartilage

Example of connective tissue; developing fetal bone.

Elastic cartilage

Example of connective tissue; ear.

Fibrocartilage

Example of connective tissue; intervertebral discs.

Bone

Hard mineralized tissue found in the skeleton; bone cells secrete an osteoid substance that eventually hardens.

Osteoid substance

Includes proteins, water, calcium, and phosphorous salts.

Adipose tissue

Contains cells that are specialized for lipid storage (fat cells).

Muscular tissue

Provides movement and heat; its function is to contract.

Skeletal muscle

Tissue that makes up the muscles; highly organized, with cells lying parallel to each other.

Smooth muscle

Lines hollow organs such as the blood vessels and the digestive tract; short, cylindrical cells that taper at both ends.

Cardiac muscle

Has short, branched, striated cells, with one nucleus at the center of each cell.

Intercalated discs

Specialized communication junctions in cardiac muscle that facilitate the heartbeat by transmitting the signal to contract.

Nervous tissue

Responds to the environment by detecting, processing, and coordinating information; contains neurons and neuroglia.

Neuroglia

Supporting cells of nervous tissue that improve nutrient flow to neurons, provide physical support, remove debris, and provide electrical insulation.

Organ systems

Includes integumentary, skeleto-muscular, nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary, endocrine, reproductive, lymphatic.

Body cavities

Includes dorsal (cranial, vertebral), ventral (thoracic, pleural, pericardial, mediastinum), abdominopelvic (abdominal, pelvic).