BIO Plasma Membrane & Energy in cells

cell recognition protein

• important for immunity

• identifies cells

Receptor Protein

They send and receive signals which tells cells what to do.

Enzyme Protein

• has a product and a substrate

• substrate binds to the active site

• once it binds it creates products which then leave the cell

Channel protein

allows for particular molecules or ions to pass through the membrane

Carrier Protein

this protein temporarily binds to the particle so it can help it through the membrane

Pump Protein

Some materials need to be forced into the membrane, so it uses energy to push the substances inside the membrane

• changes the shape

Hydrophobic

• tails of the phospholipid

• does not like water

Hydrophillic

• heads

• water loving

Plasma Membrane

• maintain homeostasis

• transport chemicals for metabolism and waste

• cell recognition and identification

Passive transport

particles move across the cell membrane freely, and most particles do not need assistance to be helped across

Active transport

·      Pumping solutes against their concentration gradients

·      Uses ATP energy

·      Includes exocytosis/endocytosis

Diffusion

movement of particles down a concentration gradient; substances move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

Facilitated diffusion

when molecules move from low concentration to high concentration with the help of a protein molecule/ career

Hypertonic solutions

high solute concentration outside of the cell than inside of the cell; water will move out of the cell to maintain balance; cell will shrink in size

Hypotonic solutions

solute concentrations inside the cell are high than outside the cell; water will move into the cell to maintain balance; cell will expand in size

Isotonic solutions

 solute concentrations inside and outside of the cell are the same; there is no net movement of water across the membrane; cell size will remain unchanged 

Vesicles

membrane-bound sacs that can bud-off of the membrane or fuse with it to bring the substances into the cell

Endocytosis

the process of moving large substances into the cell using vesicles

Exocytosis

the process of moving large substances out of the cell

metabolism

All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism

anabolic pathways

Metabolic pathways that consume energy to build complicated molecules from simpler ones.

catabolic pathway

Metabolic pathway that releases energy by breaking down complex molecules to simpler compounds.

Endergonic reaction

Reaction that absorbs free energy from its surroundings.

Exergonic reaction

Reaction that releases energy.

light reactions

a part of photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH

Calvin cycle

light-independent reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugar

photosynthesis equation

CO2 + H2O + sunlight === O2 + C6H12O6(glucose)

What is produced from light reaction and calvin cycle

O2 and glucose

glycloysis

• 1 step in aerobic cellular respiration

• the splitting of glucose that is anaerobic and occurs in the cytoplasm and produces 2 ATP

Krebs cycle

• second stage of aerobic cellular respiration, in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions

electron transport chain

last step of aerobic cellular respiration series of chemical reactions within the membrane of mitochondria that produces ATP from the energy carried by electron carriers NADH and FADH2 and water as the final electron acceptor

ATP and ADP cycle

energy enter the cycle it, “charges” then it releases energy, ADP happens and then it has low energy and then the cycle repeats