Key Terms in Linguistics

These flashcards cover key terms related to linguistics, focusing on aspects of language structure, word formation, and phonetics.

Linguistics

The scientific study of language and its structure.

Morphology

The study of the forms of words.

Morpheme

The smallest meaningful unit of language.

Derivation

The origin of a word (Greek, Latin, Anglo-Saxon).

Etymology

The study of the origin of words and the way in which their meanings have changed throughout history.

Prefix

The affix that comes before the base/root; changes the meaning of the word.

Base / Root

The word part that gives meaning to the word (Anglo, Greek & Latin).

Suffix

The affix that comes after the base/root; often tells you the part of speech.

Consonant

A speech sound that is produced by stopping or shaping the air from the mouth.

Vowel

A speech sound produced by vibration of vocal cords.

Syllable

A unit of spoken language that has 1 vowel sound.

Short Vowel

Word to describe a quick vowel sound.

Long Vowel

Word to describe an elongated vowel sound.

Closed Syllable

The syllable in which the vowel is closed in by 1 or more consonants; the vowel is short.

V-e Syllable

The syllable in which the vowel is followed by a consonant and then an e; the vowel is long.

Open Syllable

The syllable that ends with a vowel; the vowel is long.

R-Controlled Syllable

A syllable in which the vowel is followed by r.

Consonant-le Syllable

The syllable type that ends with a consonant and -le; only at the end of a word.

Vowel Team Syllable

The syllable contains a vowel pair (ey, ai, ou).

Breve

Symbol to identify a short vowel.

Macron

Symbol to identify a long vowel.

Blend

2 or more consonants together keeping their individual sounds (e.g., bl, str).

Consonant Digraph

A combination of two or more consonants that make one sound (e.g., wh, th, sh).

Trigraph

A combination of three letters that make one sound (e.g., dge, tch).

Welded Sounds

Sounds that stick together (e.g., ink, ong, am).

Bonus Letters

F, L, S, Z.

Affixes

Prefixes and suffixes that modify the meaning or category of a word.