Cultural, Social, Political and Economic Symbols and Practices - Flashcards

Flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture notes on cultural, social, political, and economic symbols and practices, including evolution, civilizations, and democracy.

What four domains are emphasized in studying the significance of cultural, social, political and economic symbols and practices?

Cultural, social, political, and economic.

What is Objective 1 in the lecture notes?

Identify the human origins and the capacity for culture.

What is Objective 2 in the lecture notes?

Determine the role of culture in human adaptation.

What is Objective 3 in the lecture notes?

Explain processes of cultural and sociopolitical evolution.

What is Objective 4 in the lecture notes?

Analyze the interrelationships of biological, cultural and socio-political processes.

What opinion is stated in the Page 3 Review Time?

Some say rich people are snobby.

What does the Page 4 Review Time say about Philippine delicacies?

They vary in cooking techniques, but all native food are tasty and delicious.

What stereotype about Ilocano people is mentioned in the notes?

Ilocano are stingy.

What differences are asked about on Page 8 between modern people and those who lived 5,000 years ago?

Differences in biological and cultural features.

Name the three stages of human cultural evolution mentioned.

Palaeolithic Period, Neolithic Period, and Age of Metal.

What is the origin of the term Palaeolithic?

Coined by John Lubbock in 1865; from Greek palaios (old) and lithos (stone); also known as Old Stone Age.

Describe the climate and lifestyle during the Palaeolithic period.

Extremely cold climate; lower sea levels; nomads; simple tools and weapons made of unpolished stone.

What shelter and discovery are noted for protection and cooking in the Palaeolithic period?

Caves served as shelter; fire was discovered/used for protection and cooking.

How were Paleolithic people organized socially?

In small bands; no single leader; age respect; hunters’ prowess recognized.

What does Neolithic mean and when did it occur?

New Stone Age; around 10,000 B.C.

What is Neolithic Revolution also called?

First Agricultural Revolution.

List key outcomes of the Neolithic Revolution.

Transition to agriculture and settlement; population increase; domestication of plants and animals; crafts like pottery and weaving; development of boats.

What social change occurred in the Neolithic Period regarding living arrangements?

From nomadic to sedentary, with villages and towns; eventually metals were discovered.

What is the Metal Age and its time frame?

Age of Metals (4000 B.C – 1500 B.C); use of bronze, copper, and iron; rise of civilizations.

What are the stages of the Metal Age?

Copper Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age.

What is the difference between copper and bronze?

Copper is the first metal used for ornaments; bronze is an alloy of copper and tin and is harder.

Name some uses of bronze in the Bronze Age.

Agricultural tools (plows, sickles); weapons (swords, spears, shields); household utensils (jars, bowls, cups); development of social, cultural, political, and economic systems.

What key transition is depicted in the tools and civilization chart from the Paleolithic to the Metal Age?

Paleolithic: unpolished stone tools; Neolithic: polished stone tools; Metal Age: use of metals.

How are nomadic, permanent settlement, and civilization represented in the tool-age chart?

Paleolithic: nomadic living; Neolithic: living in permanent places; Metal Age: civilization.

Where did Mesopotamian civilization originate?

In the Fertile Crescent, between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Western Asia.

What is Mesopotamia known for regarding writing?

First writing system, Cuneiform, marking the beginning of history.

Name four Mesopotamian cities.

UR, URUK, KISH, LAGESH.

What is a ziggurat?

The temple at the center of each city; a massive, tiered, pyramid-shaped structure.

Who were Mesopotamian Warrior-Gods?

Gods tasked with protecting the people under the government.

What is a Dynasty in Mesopotamian context?

A series of rulers descending from a single-family line.

Provide an example related to Dynasties: Akkadian Empire and Babylonian conquest.

The Akkadian Empire lasted about 200 years; Babylonian Empire overtook Sumer around 2000 B.C., with Babylon as the capital.

Where did Egyptian civilization arise and why was the Nile important?

Along the Nile River in northeast Africa; yearly floods left fertile mud for crops.

Who was Pharaoh and what was believed about them?

The King of Egypt; passed laws, ruled, owned land, controlled trade and armies; considered gods.

What England event led to the Tudor dynasty?

Henry VII's victory in the War of the Roses.

What happened in Spain in 1492?

Ferdinand and Isabella reconquered Spain from Muslims; era of Spain as a global power.

What effect did Louis XIV's reign have on France and European nationalism?

Established absolute monarchy; the French Revolution later sparked nationalism across Europe.

When did World War I occur and how did it end?

1914–1918; ended with the Treaty of Versailles in 1919.

What major organization was formed after World War II?

The United Nations in 1945.

What is democracy?

The rule of the people; citizens have the power to vote.

What is democratization?

Transition to a more democratic political regime.

Name the three types of democracy.

Representative democracy, Direct democracy, Constitutional democracy.

In a democracy, who has the power?

The citizens, through voting.

What distinguishes Direct democracy from Representative democracy?

Direct democracy: citizens vote directly on issues; Representative democracy: citizens elect representatives to govern.

What does Constitutional democracy do?

Limits the powers of government through the constitution.