HHE 270 Chapter 1,2,5 Test

Upstream approaches to health

A life course approach to health because health trajectory plays out over people's lifespan and even across generations.

Health literacy

The ability to find, understand, and use information and services to inform health-related decisions and actions.

Health People 2030

Preventable threats to health, goals, objectives.

Social Determinants of Health

Live, work, learn, play, worship.

Health Belief Model

Perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cue to action, self-efficacy.

Stages of Change Model

Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, termination.

Nature vs. Nurture

The debate regarding the relative contributions of genetics and environment to human development.

Chromosomes

Typical human has 23 pairs (46 total).

Genes

Section of chromosome that 'codes' for a particular protein.

Genome

Complete set of DNA, human genome project.

Differentiated vs. Stem cells

A differentiated cell becomes 'specialized' and can be found in liver, bone, heart, muscle, lung, brain, and stomach. A stem cell is 'unspecialized' found in embryo, adult stem cells.

Mutations

Change within gene (alteration of letters or entire series of letters), sickle cell, cystic fibrosis, breast/ovarian cancer, color blindness, down syndrome, kleinfelter syndrome.

Six virtues associated with positive psychology

Wisdom, courage, humanity, justice, temperance, transcendence.

Self-esteem

Positive regard for themselves.

Altruism

Unselfishly concerned for themselves.

Self-actualization

The state attained when a person has reached their full potential.

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

A psychological theory that categorizes human needs into a hierarchy.

Emotional intelligence

(Daniel Goleman) Understand their emotions, manage their emotions and control their moods, motivate themselves, recognize and respond to emotions in others, be socially competent.

ADHD

One of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders and causes remain unclear.

ASD

Autism spectrum disorder; social, communication, and behavioral difficulties. Affects 1 in 68 children and is more common in boys than girls.

Depression

Mental state characterized by a depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure in activities, and other related symptoms.

Major depressive disorder

Characterized by one or more manic episodes of depression lasting at least two weeks.

Bipolar disorder

Characterized by one or more manic episodes that may alternate with depressive episodes.

Anxiety disorders

Includes panic attack, panic disorder, specific disorder, social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Substance use disorders

Dependence on a substance is classified as a mental disorder.

Schizophrenia

Disorganized and disordered thinking and perceptions, bizarre ideas, hallucination (often voices), and impaired functioning.

Suicide

Is the second leading cause of death among college students.

Psychotherapy

Development of a positive interpersonal relationship between client and therapist.

CBT

Cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Homeostasis

State of stability and balance in which functions are maintained within normal range.

GAS

(General Adaptation Syndrome) Describe and explain the physiological changes observed in the stress response. Has three stages; alarm stage, resistance stage, and exhaustion stage.

Type A personality

Impulsive, achievement-oriented, and highly competitive.

Type B personality

Less driven, easy-going.

Type C personality

Introverted and detail-oriented.

Type D personality

Not very expressive and hold in negative emotions.

Resilience

Focus immediate issues and explain their struggles in positive and helpful ways.

Hardiness

Life events as challenges rather than as threats; in control.

Relaxation techniques

Deep breathing, progressive relaxation, visualization or guided imagery, mindfulness-based meditation, yoga, tai chi, biofeedback, affirmations.

Macronutrients

Needed to build, maintain, and repair tissues and regulate body functions.

Water functions

Regulate body temp., carries waste, lubricates, and digests, absorbs, and transports nutrients.

Electrolytes

Maintain the right amount of fluid inside and outside each cell (Na, K, Cl).

Carbohydrates

Body's main source of energy.

Fiber

Complex carbohydrate found in plants that cannot be broken down by the human digestive tract.

RDA for fiber

25 grams for women, and 38 grams for men.

Saturated fats

Animal products and other fats that remain solid at room temperature.

Trans fats

Liquid vegetable oils chemically changed through the process of hydrogenation to extend the shelf life of processed foods (banned from U.S supply in 2018).

Micronutrients

Essential nutrients needed in small amounts.

USDA MyPlate

A visual guide to help people understand how to create a healthy diet.

kilocalories

amount of energy food is measured in kilocalories (commonly shortened to calories)oleh

cholesterol

waxy substance that is needed for severe important body functions

sympathetic branch

initiates stress response

parasympathetic branch

turns off stress response and returns body to normal

MAT

antipsychotics, antidepressants, antxiolytics (anti-anxiety)