AP Psych Unit 5

Mental and Physical Health

Health Psychology

Study of how psychology influences health and illness

Psychological Disorder

Dysfunctional thoughts and behaviors that make it harder for humans to functon

Dysfunction

actions that are harmful or disruptive to oneself or others

Distress

emotional or mental suffering

Stigma

negative attitudes and beliefs that society holds about individuals with mental health issues

APA

scientific organization that represents psychology in the United States

DSM

Handbook for diagnosing mental illnesses

WHO

Organization focused on health around the world

ICD

System used to classify and code various medical conditions

Eclectic Approach

integrating several therapeutic strategies and approaches in Psychology

behavioral approach

observable behaviors rather than internal events

Maladaptive Behaviors

Actions or responses that are ineffective in helping individuals

Psychodynamic Perspective

Behaviors are largely influenced by unconscious drives

Humanistic Approach

Believes individuals have free will and reaching potential

Cognitive Perspective

understanding human behavior that focuses on how we think

Maladaptive Thoughts

Cognitive processes or ways of thinking that are unhelpful

Evolutionary Perspectives

Behaviors to enhance survival

Sociocultural Perspective

Social and cultural factors influence an individual

Biological Perspective

Psychological perspective looking at genetics, the Brain, and other biological factors.

Medical Model

Mental disorders that focuses on biological factors

Biopsychosocial Model

Interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors

Diathesis-Stress Model

Psychological disorders is influenced by both a genetics and environmental factors.

Diathesis

Genetic factor for mental disorders

Stress

State of mental or emotional tension

Epigenetics

The environment and other factors can change the way that genes are expressed

Neurodevelopmental Disorder

G of conditions characterized by impairments in brain function

ASD

developmental disorder that affects communication and behavior

ADHD

neurodevelopmental disorder: inattention, hyperactivity, etc

Sxhizophrenic Spectrum Disorder

Severe mental disorder: Delusions, Hallucinations

Psychotic Disorders

Cause people to perceive reality different from norm

Delusions

false beliefs that a person firmly holds, even with evidence against

Delusions of Persecution

False beliefs where an individual feels they are being targeted

Delusions of Grandeur

Delusional belief of an exaggerated sense of one's importance

Hallucinations

Perceptions in the absence of external stimulus

Disorganized Thinking

Fragmented or illogical thoughts and speech patterns

Word Salad

jumble of words and phrases

Disorganized motor Behavior

unusual and atypical movements or actions

Catatonia

state of psycho-motor immobility and behavioral abnormality, (cant move and cant think straight)

Stupor

State of near-unconsciousness

Catatonic Stupor

More severe manifestations of schizophrenia's

Negative Symtoms

Reduction or absence of normal behaviors

Flat Affect

lack of emotional reactivity in person face

Positive Symptoms

Addition of abnormal experiences or behaviors

Schizophrenia

Severe mental disorder characterized by distortions in thinking

Acute Schizophrenia

type of schizophrenia; sudden onset but treatable

Chronic Schizophrenia

Type of Schizophrenia; long term usually not treatable

Dopamine Hypothesis

excess of dopamine activity causes Schizophrenia

Depressive Disorders

Mental Illness characterized by persistent feelings of sadness and worthlessness

Major Depressive Disorder

A mood disorder at least 2 weeks of depressive symptoms

Persistent Depressive Symptoms

A mood disorder at least 2 years of depressive symptoms

Bipolar Disorder

mental health condition marked by extreme mood swings from mania to depression

Mania

Periods of intense and persistent elevated mood

Bipolar 1 disorder

Mood disorder with the occurrence of at least one manic episode

Bipolar 2 disorder

Mood disorder characterized by episodes of depression and hypomania

Cycling

Pattern of mood episodes in bipolar disorder

Anxiety Disorder

psychological disorder worry, nervousness, unease about future event

Specific phobia

Intense and irrational fears of specific objects or situations

Acrophobia

anPhobia of heights

Arachnophobia

Phobia of Spiders

Agoraphobia

Phobia of places “hard to escape”

Panic Disorders

Psychiatric disorder with high panic and anxiety

Panic Attacks

abrupt surge of intense fear or discomfort, peaks within minutes

Culture-Bound Anxiety Disorder

anxiety disorders that are specific to particular cultural

Ataque de Nervios

“An attack of nerves”

Social Anxiety Disorder

Mental health condition characterized by anxiety due to social situations

Taijin Kyofusho

Disorder found common in Japan, embarrassing others through one's own actions or appearance

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Psychological disorder characterized by excessive worry about everyday things

OCD

mental health disorder characterized by recurring, unwanted thoughts and repetitive behaviors.

Obsessions

Unwanted and intrusive thoughts cause distress/anxiety

Compulsions

repetitive behaviors or mental acts

Hoarding disorder

persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions

Dissociative Disorder

mental health condition with disruptions in perception in reality

Dissociations

Mental disorders that involve experiencing a disconnection to reality

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Mental disorder characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personality states

Dissociative Amnesia

inability to remember important personal information, usually associated with stressful situation

Trauma and Stressor related disorder

Disorders which are precipitated by specific stressful and potentially traumatic events

PTSD

mental health condition triggered by experiencing or witnessing a terrifying event leading to later anxiety

Hypervigilance

heightened state of awareness and alertness

Flashbacks

individual relives a traumatic event

Insomnia

difficulty falling asleep and/or staying asleep

Emotional detachment

person lacks emotional connectivity to others

Hostility

Aggressive actions or attitudes that are intended to harm others

Feeding and Eating Disorders

Persistent disturbance of eating patterns

Anorexia Nervosa

Eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight

Bulimia Nervosa

eating disorder involving cycles of binge eating followed by behaviors trying to maintain a “normal” weight

Personality Disorders

enduring patterns of behavior or cognition that deviate from the norm

Cluster A Personality Disorders

Personality disorders characterized by unusual or eccentric behaviors

Cluster B Personality Disorders

Personality disorders marked by impulsive, overly emotional, and erratic behaviors

Cluster C Personality Disorders

Personality disorders characterized by high levels of anxiety

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Disregard for others' rights, lack of remorse

Borderline Personality Disorder

Intense mood swings, fear of abandonment and unstable relationships

Histrionic Personality Disorder

Excessive attention-seeking and dramatic behavior

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Belief they are better than everyone else, need for admiration, and lack of empathy

Meta Analysis

statistical method that combines results from multiple studies

Psychotherapy

Treatment of mental disorders through talk therapy

Evidence-based Interventions (Evidence-Based Practice)

Therapies proven effective through research

Therapeutic Alliance

Trust and collaboration between therapist and client

Biomedical Therapies

Use of medications or medical procedures to treat psychological disorders

Psychotropic Medication Therapy

Use of drugs to manage mental health conditions altering brain chemistry

Asylums

Historical institutions for housing individuals with mental illnesses