Modernity, Philosophy, and Science

Flashcards for reviewing lecture notes on Modernity, Philosophy, and Science.

Modernity

Period marked by the rise of capitalism, roughly from the 18th century onwards.

Idealist Philosophy

Philosophical movement emphasizing reason and ideas, associated with Kant and Hegel.

Idealism

The dominance of reason and ideas.

Dialectic

Hegel's concept of reasoning through opposing contradictions.

Positivist Philosophy

Philosophical movement focusing on facts and empirical observation, associated with Comte and Saint Simon.

Empirical Observation

Observation of facts, objectively and realistically.

Scientific Field

19th century; When science begins to establish itself.

Empirical Method

Observation, repetition, and generalization.

Eurocentric View

Challenges the idea of objective observation due to inherent biases.

Cultural Relativism

Views that different cultures have to be viewed from their own point of view.

Interpretive Method

A method of interpretation.

Materialism

Interpreting empirical data through theory.

Empiricism

Building theory after establishing a solid empirical base.

Behaviorist Psychology

Psychology focused on observable behaviors.

Reflex Act

The concept that through repetition, a behavior happens due to an imposed circumstance.

Liberalism

Economic theory emphasizing individual freedom and market deregulation.

Market Autoregulation

The market is self-regulating.

Psychoanalytic Psychology

Focuses on unconscious desires and repressions.

Unconscious

The relationship between desire and repression.

Cognitive Relativism

Suggests that the truth depends on the perspective of each individual.