APUSH Chapters 1-2 Vocabulary Review

Flashcards covering key vocabulary, events, and concepts from Chapters 1 and 2 of APUSH, focusing on exploration, early Spanish rule, and the planting of English colonies in America.

The 3 G's

The primary motives for European exploration: Gold and Glory for explorers, and Gospel (converting Native Americans) for missionaries.

Papal Line of Demarcation (1493)

A line drawn by Pope Alexander VI in 1493 dividing the New World between Spain and Portugal.

Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)

A 1494 agreement that granted Spain most of the New World in the Americas, excluding Brazil which went to Portugal.

Columbian Exchange

The dramatically widespread exchange of animals, plants, culture, slaves, diseases, and ideas between the Eastern and Western hemispheres.

Encomienda System

A system allowing the government to give or commend Indians and land to certain colonists in exchange for a promise to Christianize them, which functioned as slavery.

Black Legend

The false concept that Spanish conquerors merely tortured and killed Indians, stole gold, and infected them with smallpox, ignoring how they grafted their culture, laws, religion, and language into native societies.

Spanish Armada

The Spanish naval fleet defeated by England, leading to England emerging as a dominant naval power and bringing Protestantism to the forefront.

Charter Colony

A colony established by chartered trading companies composed of stockholders who shared in both profits and losses, such as Virginia.

Proprietorship

A colony created by a royal grant of land given to royal favorites, such as Maryland under Lord Baltimore.

Royal Colony

A colony ruled directly by the Crown of England, such as Georgia.

Chesapeake Bay Region

The colonial region comprising Virginia and Maryland, where indentured servants initially served as the primary labor force prior to Bacon's Rebellion.

John Rolfe

The Jamestown colonist who introduced tobacco cultivation, saving the colony economically.

House of Burgesses

An early form of representative self-government established in Virginia in 1619.

Powhatan Confederacy

The neighboring Native American tribe in Virginia that fell victim to the '3 D's': Disease, Disorganization, and Disposability.

Acts of Toleration

Maryland legislation that guaranteed religious toleration to all Christians ONLY, excluding non-Christian groups such as Jews.

Indentured Servants

Laborers who bound themselves to work for a period of 5 to 7 years in exchange for transatlantic passage to America.

Georgia

The last of the original 13 colonies, founded in 1733 as a buffer against Spanish Florida and French Louisiana, and as a penal colony for debtors.

James Oglethorpe

The leading statesman in Georgia who successfully repelled Spanish military attacks.