Sci10 - 4th Quarter: Exam

atom

is the basic unit of matter

pure substance

consist of 1 atom

compound

consist of 2 or more

chemical reaction

a process in which a set of substances is converted to new set of substance

color change, precipitate, odor change, temperature change, change in acidity

evidence of chemical reactions

chemical reactions

are represented by chemical equations

chemical equations

are balanced to show the same number of atoms of each element on each side

law of conservation of mass

that atoms cannot be created nor destroyed in a chemcal reactions

catalyst

a substance that speeds up a reaction without being changed by the reaction

reaction energy

all chemical reactions are accompanied by a change in energy

synthesis

• two or more substances react to form one product

  • A + B → AB

decomposition

• a reaction in which a single compound is broken down into two or more smaller compounds or elements

  • AB → A + B

Single displacement

• a uncombined element displaces an element that is part of a compound

  • AB + C → A + BC

Double displacement

• atoms or ions from two different compounds replace eachoher. in this reaction, there two compounds as reactants and products

• AB + CD → AC + BD

combustion

• a hyrocarbon reacts with oxygen gas

• always HAS CO2 as a product

  • AB → CO2

biomolecules

• all living organism require several compounds to live

• are organic, contain carbon

  • classified to (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucliec acids)

monomers

smallest functioning unit of biomolecule

carbohydrates

• used for energy and structural support

  • breaking carbs down provides energy (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen)

glucose

used as common energy source for most living organism

lipids

• are crucial for storing energy, waterproof barriers, chemical messengers, and insulation

  • made of (CHO)

protein

• are vital for structual suppor, speeding up, chemical reactions, transporting molecule fighting infections, development and buildup of muscles in the body and many more

peptide

is achain of amino acids so a polypeptide is several chains put together

nucleic acids

• are biomolecules that contain the blueprints for making proteins

  • also transmit genetic info to the generation

carbs, proteins, and fat

main types of food energy

percent daily value

helps consumers determine whether a serving of the food is high or low in nutrient and the dietary guidelines recommend