Health Promotion - Concepts and Strategies

VOCABULARY style flashcards covering the definitions, objectives, strategies, and impact indicators of health promotion as presented in the lecture notes.

Health Promotion (OMS Definition)

The process that allows people to increase control over their health to improve it.

Carta de Ottawa for Health Promotion (1986)

A document that defines health promotion as providing populations with the necessary means to improve their health and exercise greater control over it.

Health as a Positive Concept

One of the pillars of the Ottawa Charter that focuses on personal and social resources and physical capacities rather than just on disease.

Prerequisites for Health

Basic conditions required for health promotion, including peace, education, housing, food, income, a stable ecosystem, social justice, and equity.

Improving Population Health

The objective of elevating the level of physical, mental, and social well-being of a community by acting before a disease appears.

Paradigm of Positive Health

Understanding health as a resource for daily life and a motor that allows people to study, work, develop, and be happy, rather than just the absence of disease.

Health Equity

Guaranteeing that all people have the same opportunities to develop their maximum health potential regardless of income, gender, ethnic origin, or birthplace.

The Social Gradient of Health

The scientific evidence that people with lower socioeconomic levels get sick more often and die younger, representing differences that are unjust and avoidable.

Community Empowerment

The shift from a paternalistic medical model to one where citizens identify their own health problems, propose solutions, and prioritize local resources.

Education for Health

A component of health promotion that provides information and develops the skills necessary to adopt healthy behaviors.

Healthy Public Policies

Government strategies across all sectors (not just health) to measure the impact of laws on population health, such as tobacco taxes or bike lanes.

Reorientation of Health Services

Changing the focus of hospitals and doctors from only curing illness to including prevention, research, and the cultural needs of the community.

Life Expectancy

The average number of years a person is expected to live from birth, calculated based on current mortality rates.

Infant Mortality Rate

The number of children under one year old who die for every $1,000$ live births in a given period.

Prevalence of Chronic Diseases

The proportion of people in a population suffering from a specific chronic condition, such as diabetes or hypertension, at a specific point in time.

Physical Activity Level

An impact indicator measuring the percentage of the population meeting minimum exercise recommendations, such as the OMS goal of at least $150$ minutes per week.

Healthy Food Consumption

A behavioral indicator measuring the frequency or percentage of people who regularly incorporate nutritious items into their diet, such as $5$ daily servings of fruits and vegetables.