Vocabulary Ancient Mesopotamia

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Vocabulary flashcards covering the key terms, geographical features, and agricultural inventions of Ancient Mesopotamia.

Last updated 1:55 PM on 8/29/26
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16 Terms

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Mesopotamia

Greek for "land between the rivers." It sits between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq.

<p>Greek for "land between the rivers." It sits between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq.</p>
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Fertile Crescent

A curved strip of land with rich, fertile soil good for farming, even though it is surrounded by desert.

<p>A curved strip of land with rich, fertile soil good for farming, even though it is surrounded by desert.</p>
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Tigris River

The eastern river of Mesopotamia, featuring a faster and deeper current, measuring about 1,850 km1,850\,km long.

<p>The eastern river of Mesopotamia, featuring a faster and deeper current, measuring about $$1,850\,km$$ long.</p>
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Euphrates River

The western river of Mesopotamia, featuring a slower, wider flow, measuring about 2,800 km2,800\,km long.

<p>The western river of Mesopotamia, featuring a slower, wider flow, measuring about $$2,800\,km$$ long.</p>
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Persian Gulf

The body of water at the southeastern edge of Mesopotamia where both the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers empty; key for trade with India.

<p>The body of water at the southeastern edge of Mesopotamia where both the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers empty; key for trade with India.</p>
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Mediterranean Sea

The body of water marking the western boundary of Mesopotamia; a major trade route to Egypt and Greece.

<p>The body of water marking the western boundary of Mesopotamia; a major trade route to Egypt and Greece.</p>
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Zagros Mountains

A mountain range on the eastern edge of Mesopotamia that blocks invaders and catches rain clouds to create rainfall for farming.

<p>A mountain range on the eastern edge of Mesopotamia that blocks invaders and catches rain clouds to create rainfall for farming.</p>
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Irrigation

Man-made canals or ditches that move river water out to crops that are not right next to the river.

<p>Man-made canals or ditches that move river water out to crops that are not right next to the river.</p>
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Civilization

A complex, organized society defined by seven characteristics: Culture, Government, Religion, Social Structure, Stable Food Supply, Technology, and Writing.

<p>A complex, organized society defined by seven characteristics: Culture, Government, Religion, Social Structure, Stable Food Supply, Technology, and Writing.</p>
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Metallurgy

The skill of working with metals to make stronger tools and weapons instead of just stone.

<p>The skill of working with metals to make stronger tools and weapons instead of just stone.</p>
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Plow

An often animal-pulled tool that breaks up soil so seeds can be planted faster and deeper.

<p>An often animal-pulled tool that breaks up soil so seeds can be planted faster and deeper.</p>
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Wheel

Invention created in Mesopotamia used for carts and pottery that moved goods and people faster on land.

<p>Invention created in Mesopotamia used for carts and pottery that moved goods and people faster on land.</p>
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Sail

Invention that allowed boats to use wind power on rivers for faster, easier trade and travel.

<p>Invention that allowed boats to use wind power on rivers for faster, easier trade and travel.</p>
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Silt

Nutrient-rich mud left behind by seasonal river flooding that makes soil fertile in a desert climate.

<p>Nutrient-rich mud left behind by seasonal river flooding that makes soil fertile in a desert climate.</p>
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Caspian Sea

The sea located farthest northeast, away from the Fertile Crescent.

<p>The sea located farthest northeast, away from the Fertile Crescent.</p>
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Ur (in Sumer)

An ancient city in southern Mesopotamia located closest to where the rivers reach the Persian Gulf.

<p>An ancient city in southern Mesopotamia located closest to where the rivers reach the Persian Gulf.</p>