Compartmentation, Cells, and Tissues

Phys

What are the 4 basic functions of the cell membrane?

physical isolation, regulation of exchanges with the environment, communication between cell and environment, and structural support

What is the function of the glycocalyx?

It protects cells and helps with communication. *it is only on the exterior of the phospholipid bilayer

What is the basis of the Fluid Mosaic Model?

States that the cell membrane is fluid and varies by location and time

What are the layers of the phospholipid bilayer?

sphingolipids and cholesterol

What are the 3 types of proteins in the Fluid Mosaic Model?

proliferable proteins, membrane-spanning proteins, and integral proteins

What are the 5 functions of the cytoskeleton?

1. maintain cell shape

2. helps with internal organization

3. helps with intracellular transport

4. ability to assemble cells into tissues

5. helps with movement (motor proteins)

What is the function of lipid droplets?

They store energy for use later on.

What is the function of the motor protein myosin?

Myosin binds with actin, which then leads to muscle movement.

What is the shared function of kinesins and dyneins?

They both move vesicles.

What is a specific function of dyneins?

They create the whip-like movement of flagella and the beating movement of cilia.

What is the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

fatty acid, lipid, and steroid synthesis

What is the function of lysosomes?

When hydrogen and pH increase, they produce enzymes. They also digest and destroy old cell material and foreign pathogens.

What is the function of peroxisomes?

They degrade long-chain fatty acids and toxins, and create hydrogen peroxide as a byproduct.

What is the function of nuclear pore complexes?

communication between the nucleus and cytosol

What are the types of tissues?

1. epithelial

2. connective

3. muscular

4. neural

What is the function of the basal lamina?

It anchors to the cell junction.

Where is tight epithelial tissue found?

kidneys and other areas of highly selective filtration

Where is leaky epithelial tissue found?

capillary walls

What is the function of ciliated epithelia?

Move fluid and particles in respiratory and female reproductive tracts

What type of glands secrete serous and mucus through ducts?

Exocrine glands

What type of glands secrete hormones directly?

Endocrine glands

What is the function of mucus?

lubrication to swallow and protect organs

What are the 5 types of connective tissue?

1. loose connective tissue

2. dense connective tissue

3. supporting connective tissue

4. adipose tissue

5. blood

Tendons connect __

muscle to bone

Ligaments connect __

bone to bone

-blast

“young, growing cell"

-clast

“removing/remodeling cell”

-cyte

“mature, inactive cell”

Which tissue contracts to generate force and movement?

muscle tissue

Which tissue is excitable?

neural tissue

What is necrosis?

cell death from specific things (i.e trauma, exposure to toxins, hypoxia)

What is apoptosis?

purposeful cell death to replace or rid of old cells

What does totipotent mean?

The cells can be anything in the body.

What are the 3 types of