T31 common diseases of eyes

preseptal cellulitis - what

infection of eyelid & skin around eye

orbital cellulitis - what

infection of fat & muscles around eye

preseptal or orbital cellulitis - which one more severe

orbital cellulitis

hordeolum - what

acute, localized infection of eye (aka. stye)

hordeolum - common cause

staphylococcus aureus

hordeolum - symptoms

painful, erythematous nodule

chalazion - what

chronic, painless lump in eyelid leading to lipid buildup

hordeolum & chalazion - treatment

oral antibiotics

infection of cornea - administrate meds how

topical (bc cornea avascular)

pinguecula & pterygium - what

conjunctiva degeneration

pinguecula & pterygium - key difference

pinguecula doesn’t invade cornea; pterygium invades cornea

pinguecula & pterygium - risk factor

UV light exposure

pterygium - treatment

surgery

conjunctivitis - what

inflammation of conjunctiva

follicular conjunctivitis - appearance

white-opaque dots

papillary conjunctivitis - appearance

red dots

infectious conjunctivitis - common cause

bacteria

non-infectious conjunctivitis - common cause

allergy

non-infectious conjunctivitis - treatment

steroids

infectious vs non-infectious conjunctivitis - key difference

infectious have discharge; non-infectious no discharge

conjunctival injection/hyperemia - what

dilation of conjunctival vessel

ciliary hyperemia - physical appearance

inflammation inside eye (limbus area)

conjunctiva hyperemia - physical appearance

inflammation at external part (not at iris)

keratitis - what

inflammation of cornea

infectious keratitis - aka

corneal ulcer

corneal ulcer - treatment

refer to opthalmologist

corneal ulcer - risk factor

anything that can break cornea

senile cataract - what

opacity of crystalline lens caused by aging

cataract - common symptoms

blurry vision, yellowish tint to vision

cataracts - treatment

glasses, surgery

posterior vitreous degeneration - symptoms

floaters that disturb vision

floaters - sign of what other patho

retinal detachment (vitroush pull retina)

floaters - cure

none

retinal detachment at peripheral retina - symptoms?

none

retinal detachment at fovea centralis - symptoms?

have symptoms

retinal detachment - treatment

immediate surgery

diabetic retinopathy - process

hyperglycemia → vascular permeability → leakage of RBC or prot.

DM2 or DM1 need immediate check for diabetic retinopathy

DM2

hypertensive retinopathy - process behind it

arteriole wall hardens → compress venule wall

central retinal artery occlusion - what

stroke of eye (ocular imergency)

central retinal artery occlusion - chief complaint

sudden painless vision loss in one eye

central retinal artery occlusion - findings in physical examination

white quiet eye & cherry red spot

central retinal artery occlusion - signs

visual loss, RAPD positive

glaucoma - symptom

loss of peripheral view

glaucoma - reason behind loss of peripheral view

increase intraocular pressure compresses nerves that are near the wall of scleral tunnel first → wall nerves first to die

acute angle closure glaucoma - physical sign

acute painful red eye in one side

acute angle closure glaucoma - sign

markedly elevated intraocular pressure

dry eye disease - cause

tear film abnormality

refractive disorder - what

light ray are not focused on the retina

myopia - what

light ray focus before reach retina

hyperopia - what

light ray focus after reach retina

astigmatism - what

light ray have more than one focus

astigmatism - sign

flares

refractive disorder - treatment

glasses, contact lens, refractive laser surgery

both eyes move in different directions - sign of what patho

diplopia

ocular trauma - should diag by starting with

history taking

eyelid laceration - what

cut or tear in skin of eyelid caused by trauma

trauma at nasal/medial part of eye - what injury

lacrimal drainage system injury

subconjunctival hemorrhage - sign

sudden appearance of well-defined bleeding underneath conjunctiva, no ocular symptoms

conjunctival or cornea foreign body (FB) - treatment

removal, topical antibiotics

corneal abrasion - what

disruption of corneal epithelium

corneal abrasion - can be detected by what tools

immunofluoroscence

hyphema - what

RBC accumulation in anterior chamber of eyes

hyphema - cause

injury to blood vessels

suspect ruptured globe - what to do

stop examination

ruptured globe - what

full-thickness break of outer wall of eye (cornea, sclera)

ocular chemical injury - cause

chemical exposure

ocular chemical injury - symptoms

vigorous eye irritation