EKG

ventricular fibrillation identifiers

irregular, no p-waves, no QRS

ventricular tachycardia identifiers

regular, no p-waves, wide QRS

shockable rhythms

V-fib, V-tach, Tosrsade de pointes

Torsade de Pointes identifiers

irregular, no p-waves, wide QRS

superventricular tachycardia identifiers

regular, p-waves hidden, normal QRS

ST elevation myocardial infarction identifiers

regular or irregular, p-waves, ST elevated

atrial fibrillation identifiers

irregular, no p-wave, normal QRS

atrial flutter identifiers

regular or irregular, no p-wave, normal QRS

premature ventricular contraction

irregular, no p-wave, wide QRS, not shockable

Sinus bradycardia identifiers

slow and regular, p-wave, normal, QRS

sinus tachycardia identifiers

fast and regular, p-wave, normal QRS

one little box is how long

0.04 seconds

five big boxes is how long

1 second

one big box is how long

0.2 seconds

how long is a normal QRS

0.04-0.12 seconds or 1-3 small boxes

how long is a PR interval

0.12-0.2 or 3-5 small boxes

what does the p-wave represent

atrial depolarization at SA node

what does the QRS represent

ventricular depolarization

what does the t wave represent

ventricular repolarization

what is the u wave

found after t waves and not common

what is the pr interval

start of atrial contraction and ending at ventricular depolarization

what does the ST segment represent

initial phase of ventricular repolarization

what does the QT interval represent

time for both ventricular depolarization and repolarization to occur

treatment for bradycardia

find underlying cause and treat

what is the treatment for sinus tachycardia

find underlying cause and treat

what is the treatment for a-fib and a-flutter

anticoagulants, o2, cardioversion if unstable, and cardiac meds

what is the treatment for v-tach

pulse: o2 and antidysrhythmic

no pulse: defib

treatment for v-fib

defib, o2, antidysrythmic, and epi

treatment for PVC

treat underlying cause, correct electrolyte imbalance, discontinue toxic drug

treatment for PAC

calcium channel blockers, beta blockers

where does the white electrode go

right arm

where does the black electrode go

left arm

where does the red electrode go

left leg

what does the green electrode go

right leg

where does V1 go

right side of sternum at 4th intercostal space

where does V2 go

left side of sternum, across V1 at 4th intercostal space

where does v4 go

5th intercostal space at midclavicular line

where does v3 go

midway between v2 and v4

where does v5 go

fifth intercostal space anterior axillary line

where does v6 go

fifth intercostal space midaxillary

how many bipolar leads

3

how many unipolar leads

9

what kind of interference causes consistent thick and fuzzy tracing

AC interference

what causes AC interference

electrical interference like cell phones

what causes jagged peaks with irregular height and spacing on EKGs

somatic tremor artifact

what causes somatic tremor artifact

patient moving

what kind of interference causes tracing that wanders away from the center of the paper

wandering baseline

what causes a wandering baseline interference

poorly attached electrode, unclean skin, or defective electrodes

what causes a sudden disruption of tracing

interrupted baseline

what causes interrupted baseline

disconnected electrode

Leads II, III, aVF show what

inferior wall

VI and V2 show what

septum

V3, V4 or V1 to V4 show what

anterior wall

Leads I and aVl show what

high lateral wall

leads V5 and V6 show what

low lateral wall

Leads V7 to V9 show what

posterior wall

Leads V4R show what

right ventricle

Leads II, III and aVF sare reciprocal to what leads

leads I and aVL

Leads V1 to V3 are reciprocal to what leads

leads II, III and aVF