Transport in Plants

Hormones

________: Moved from where they are produced to the tissues they act on through the phloem.

Carbohydrates

________: moved from the site of production to the site of storage, through the phloem.

positive root

In the xylem ________ pressure and negative pressure caused by transpiration moves water through the xylem.

Phloem loading

________: is an active process where proton pumps in the companion cause carbs from the source to enter the sieve tubes.

Sap

________ (carbohydrates and hormones) move using translocation which is driven by differences in turgor pressure (pressure- flow hypothesis)

Transmembrane

________: Moves through membranes between cells and within cells.

Pressure differential

________ created by transpiration and osmosis moves water throughout the plant.

Ions

________ in soil are moved using active transport from the ground into the roots.

Symplastic

________: Moves through the cytoplasm of cells which are connected through the plasmodesmata meaning they do not have to cross membranes.

stomata

The ________ is opened and closed by the turgor pressure in the guard cells.

Apoplastic

________: Moves through the cell walls and the spaces in- between cells.

C4

________ and CAM plants have adapted to reduce water loss in warm climates by taking in CO2 at night and storing it to be sued the following day.

Concentration

________: of solutes in the solutions on either side of the plasma membrane.

Flow

________ is from source to sink.

Casparian strip

When water enters the endoderm is is directed by the waterproof ________, forcing it to use the symplatstic route.

Phloem

________ unloading: An active process where water moves via osmosis back to the xylem causing carbs to move into the sink.

turgor pressure

Physical Forces: Gravity and /or pressure on the cell wall (________) ⍦p.

Water and nutrients

absorbed by the roots and transported through the xylem

Carbohydrates

moved from the site of production to the site of storage, through the phloem

Hormones

Moved from where they are produced to the tissues they act on through the phloem

Physical Forces

Gravity and/or pressure on the cell wall (turgor pressure)⍦p

Concentration

of solutes in the solutions on either side of the plasma membrane

Apoplastic

Moves through the cell walls and the spaces in-between cells

Symplastic

Moves through the cytoplasm of cells which are connected through the plasmodesmata meaning they do not have to cross membranes

Transmembrane

Moves through membranes between cells and within cells

Phloem loading

is an active process where proton pumps in the companion cause carbs from the source to enter the sieve tubes

Phloem unloading

An active process where water moves via osmosis back to the xylem causing carbs to move into the sink

Water and nutrients

absorbed by the roots and transported through the xylem

Carbohydrates

moved from the site of production to the site of storage, through the phloem. Also moved from the site of storage to areas of new growth.

Hormones

Moved from where they are produced to the tissues they act on through the phloem.

What moves water though the plant?

Pressure differential created by transpiration and osmosis

What are the two compoents of water potential?

Physical forces and concentration.

Physical Forces

Gravity and/or pressure on the cell wall (turgor pressure)⍦p

Concentration

of solutes in the solutions on either side of the plasma membrane. ⍦s​

What is the formula for water potential?

⍦w \= ⍦p + ⍦s​

Apoplastic

Moves through the cell walls and the spaces in-between cells

Symplastic

Moves through the cytoplasm of cells which are connected through the plasmodesmata meaning they do not have to cross membranes

Transmembrane

Moves through membranes between cells and within cells

When water enters the endoderm which transport route does it use and why?

Is is directed by the waterproof Casparian strip, forcing it to use the symplatstic route

How are ions in soil are moved into the roots?

using active transport

After entering the vascular stele how are ions transported?

using bulk flow

In the xylem \------- root pressure and \------- pressure caused by transpiration moves water through the xylem

Positive, negative

What controls the opening and closing of the stomata?

turgor pressure in the guard cells

When is the stomata open?

when guard cells are turgid

When is the stomata closed?

When guard cells are flaccid

What have C4 and CAM plants adapted to do to reduce water loss?

They take in CO2 at night and storing it to be used the following day.

How does sap move and what is the process driven by?

using translocation which is driven by differences in turgor pressure (pressure-flow hypothesis)

What is sap?

carbohydrates and hormones

In which direction do substances in a plant flow?

from source to sink

Phloem loading

is an active process where proton pumps in the companion cause carbs from the source to enter the sieve tubes.

The difference in \---------- from phloem loading causes water to be absorbed from the xylem and carbs to be moved by bulk transport

water potential

Phloem unloading

An active process where water moves via osmosis back to the xylem causing carbs to move into the sink