B1.1 cell structures

whats the function of the nucleus

controls cells movements and contains genetic information

whats the function of the mitochondria

site of aerobic respiration

whats the function of the cytoplasm

where chemical reactions take place

whats the function of the (permanent) vacuole

stores cell sap, keeping cell firm

whats the function of the chloroplast

site of photosynthesis and contains chlorophyll

whats the function of the cell membrane

controls what goes in and out of cell and acts as a barrier

whats the function of the ribosomes

makes protein for its protein synthesis

whats the function of the cell walls

provides strength to cell

made of cellulose

what 3 cell organelles are found in plant cells but not animal cells

vacuole

chloroplasts

cell walls

what is an eukaryotic cell, name 3 examples

cells with a nucleus

animal

plant

fungi

what is a prokaryotic cell and an example

cells who genetic material is free in the cytoplasm

eg bacteria

whats a cell

smallest unit of an organism. they’re microscopic and make up all living organisms, their tissues and organs

PROKAYOTIK CELL STRUCTURE:

pili

hair like capsules that enable the cell to attach to structures. Can also be used to transfer genetic material between bacteria

PROKAYOTIK CELL STRUCTURE:

capsule

An outer covering protecting the cell from drying out and poisonous substances

PROKAYOTIK CELL STRUCTURE:

flagella

long whip like structures that allow the cells to move through liquids

PROKAYOTIK CELL STRUCTURE:

Plasma

circular piece of DNA used to store genes which are not involved in reproduction

PROKAYOTIK CELL STRUCTURE:

nucleoid region

area of the cytoplasm that contains the single bacterial DNA molecule

What 5 cell structures do bacterial cells have

cell walls, cell membranes, ribosomes, cytoplasm, plasmid

define magnification

the magnification of an object us how many times bigger the image is than the actual object

whats the formula for magnification

Image size = actual size x magnification

Define resolution

the ability to distinguish two entities from eachother

what is the resolution of a light microscope

0.2 µm (micrometer)

LIGHT MICROSCOPES-

how does a light microscope work

light passes through the image/sample

LIGHT MICROSCOPES-

describe 3 advantages of the light microscope

small

portable

cheap in comparison to the TEM and SEM

LIGHT MICROSCOPES-

describe one disadvantage of a light microscope

cant zoom in further than 400x so not as precise as SEM and TEM

LIGHT MICROSCOPES-

what is the light microscope used for

examining the images of alive and dead organisms

what does TEM stand for

transmission electron microscope

What does SEM stand for

scanning electron microscope

TEM-

what is the resolution of the TEM

0.1nm

TEM-

How does the TEM work

passing a beam of electrons through a slice of a sample

TEM-

Describe an advantage of TEM

sees the nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplasts in detail

TEM-

Describe three disadvantages of TEM

expensive

heavy

complicated samples

TEM-

what is TEM used for

seeing the insides of subcellular structures in further detail

SEM-

describe one advantage of using SEM

allows scientists to see 3d structures of cells

SEM-

describe three disadvantages to using SEM

large

difficult to move

expensive to buy and operate

SEM-

what is the SEM used for

see 3d structures of cells

what is the magnification of a light microscope

2000x

what is the magnification of a TEM

2,000,000x

what is the magnification of a SEM

500,000x

Define a slide

a thin piece of glass the sample is place on

What’s a cover slip

a thin piece of glass placed on top of the specimen to protect it from the lens

What’s the function of the objective lens

the closest lens to the specimen which magnifies the image