BIO-202 Topic 2: Blood and Lymphatic System Physiology

Red blood cells are able to transport oxygen because of their _____ _____ and because they contain _____, which is a protein that binds to oxygen molecules.

biconcave shape; hemoglobin

What are white blood cells?

cells that protect the body from infections and disease

What is the function of platelets?

to help from blood clots

What are the three stages of hemostasis?

vasoconstriction, platelet plug formation, blood coagulation

What is the primary function of plasma?

To transport nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body.

What is the function of carbon dioxide in the blood?

To be transported in the blood and removed from the body through the lungs

What are the four main blood groups?

A, B, AB, O

What type of antibodies are present in plasma for type A blood?

anti-B antibodies

What type of blood can a person with type B blood safely receive?

B or O blood

What may happen if a Rh negative recipient receives Rh positive blood?

The recipient's immune system may produce antibodies against the Rh factor

What is net filtration?

A process that maintains proper fluid balance in the body

What are the two forces that drive net filtration?

hydrostatic and osmotic pressures

What is the role of hydrostatic pressure in capillary exchange?

pushes fluids out of the capillaries

What happens when the balance between hydrostatic and osmotic pressures is disrupted?

fluid accumulation in the tissues which leads to health problems

What are the components of the lymphatic system?

lymph vessels, lymph nodes, and lymphatic organs

What is the function of the lymphatic system in fluid balance?

to transport excess fluid from tissues back into the bloodstream, preventing swelling and edema

How does the lymphatic system prevent infections?

By filtering out harmful substances and producing lymphocytes

What is the immune system?

A complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from pathogens

What are the physical barriers of innate immunity?

skin and mucous membranes

What are the two types of lymphocytes?

B cells and T cells

What do T cells do?

Recognize and destroy infected cells directly

What do B cells produce?

Antibodies