Photosynthesis Review Notes

These flashcards cover key concepts, terms, and processes related to photosynthesis, aiding in review and exam preparation.

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, some bacteria, and some protistans use the energy from __ to produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water.

sunlight

The word equation for photosynthesis is: carbon dioxide + water → __ + oxygen.

glucose

Chlorophyll is a green pigment that plays a role in photosynthesis by absorbing __ wavelengths of light.

violet-blue and red-orange

Accessory pigments include chlorophyll b, xanthophylls, and __.

carotenoids

The raw materials of photosynthesis, __ and carbon dioxide, enter the leaf cells while the products, sugar and oxygen, leave.

water

Water enters the leaves through specialized plant cells known as __.

xylem vessels

Gases enter and leave the leaf through openings called __, which are flanked by guard cells.

stomata

The thylakoid is the structural unit of photosynthesis, and they are stacked in structures called __.

grana

Light-dependent reactions producing ATP and NADPH occur in the __ of the chloroplast.

grana

The two primary photosystems involved in the light-dependent reactions are and .

Photosystem II (PSII) and Photosystem I (PSI)

During the light-dependent reactions, water is split into oxygen, hydrogen ions, and __ through a process called photolysis.

electrons

The light-independent reactions use ATP and NADPH to convert carbon dioxide into __.

carbohydrates

The process of capturing carbon dioxide into organic compounds during photosynthesis is known as __.

carbon fixation

One molecule of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GALP) is quickly converted into __ and other carbohydrates.

glucose

Photosynthesis is affected by light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, and __.

temperature

As light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis generally __ until limited by another factor.

increases

The first stable product of the Calvin cycle is __, which is then phosphorylated to form glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GALP).

phosphoglycerate (PGA)