Joints

What are joints?

Location where two or more bones connect and are stabilized by ligaments and cartilage.

Majority allow for mobility

Joints that allow for mobility

Shoulder joint

Metacarpophalangeal

Joints fixed in their position

Skull

Types of joints

Fibrous

Cartilaginous

Synovial

Fibrous tissue

Immovable

Sutures- bones of the skull

Slightly movable

Syndesmosis- joined by a ligament or fibrous membrane- joint of ulna and radius

Gomphosis- peg-like process fitted into a socket. Stabilizes the tooth to provide preceptive information (chewing)

Cartilaginous Joints

Connected by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage

Immovable

Synchondrosis- allows for the growth of the bones until the epiphysial plates are converted to bone

Slightly movable

Symphysis- strong joints connected by fibrocartilage

Synovial Joints

Formed by bones covered in hyaline (white) cartilage and joints containing a synovial membrane filled with synovial fluid

Surrounded by fibrous joint capsule

6 major types of synovial joints

Plane

Hinge

Pivot

Condyloid

Ball and socket

Saddle

Plane Joints and example

Flat articular surface that allows sliding motion

Acromioclavicular joint

Hinge Joint and example

Allow for flexion and extension

Elbow Joint

Pivot joints and example

Bone shaped like a pivot and a ring made of bone or ligament. Allow rotational movements

Atlanto-axial joint

Condyloid joints and example

Formed by the oval surface of one bone, with the oval depression of another bone. Allow for flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction

Metacarpophalangeal joint

Ball and socket joints and example

Ball-shaped head of a bone fitted into a bonny socket. Allows for flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, medial rotation, lateral rotation, and circumduction.

Hip joint

Saddle Joint and example

Appearance of a saddle. Allow for flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction.

Carpometacarpal joint