C4 Calculations

RFM =

sum of all RAMs in compound

RFM and RAM also written as

RFM = M_r

RAM = A_r

% Mass of an element in a compound =

avagadros constant =

6.02×10²³

what does avogradros constant mean

1 mole of a substance = 6.02×10²³ particles of the substance

particles could be atoms, molecules, ions or electrons

moles equation

mass is always __

if mass seems to change…

conserved

has has been involvedc

we can’t account for oxygen in air etc

what does burning in air mean

reacting with oxygen

volume of gas equation

volume = moles x 24

TRIANGLE →

Concentration using mass

conc = mass/volume

conc using moles

conc=moles/volume

unit for conc

g/dm³

1dm³ = ___ cm³

1000cm3

dm3 → cm3 = ?

x1000

when doing mol/dm3 to g/dm3 use..

mass = moles x Mr

1dm3 also equals

1 litre

atom economy equation

atom economy = RFM of useful products / RFM of all reactants

convert to %

the higher the atom economy the..

‘greener’ the process

% yield is always under 100% because

1. reaction could be reversible so some products turn back into reactants

2. side reactions can occur

3. you lose product every time you change the container/filter it

% yield equation

% yield = mass of product actually made / maximum theoretical mass of product