APUSHunit 4

Flashcards for key terms and definitions from American history lectures covering significant court cases, political actions, and reform movements.

Marbury v. Madison

Established judicial review; Supreme Court could decide on the constitutionality of an act by Congress or the President.

Louisiana Purchase

Jefferson bought Louisiana from France, doubling the size of the US and removing European power from the borders.

Judicial Review

The power of the Supreme Court to decide on the constitutionality of laws passed by Congress.

Embargo Act of 1807

A law that prohibited American ships from trading in foreign ports, aiming to pressure Britain and France economically.

Warhawks

Congressional leaders, including Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun, who pushed for the War of 1812 to defend American honor.

Treaty of Ghent

Treaty that ended the War of 1812, returning captured territory to pre-war claimants without addressing impressment.

Monroe Doctrine

U.S. policy warning European countries against further colonization or interference in the Americas.

Nullification Crisis

A conflict in South Carolina where the state attempted to nullify federal tariffs, setting a precedent for states’ rights.

Second Great Awakening

A religious revival that emphasized individual faith and morality; sparked various reform movements.

Transcendentalism

A philosophical movement advocating for self-reliance and individuality, questioning established institutions.