Unit 2: Summarizing & Describing Data

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary and concepts related to the summarization and description of data.

Graphical methods for presenting data

Techniques for visually displaying data using different types of graphs.

Frequency distribution

A table that displays the frequency of various outcomes in a dataset.

Cumulative frequency ogive

A graph that represents the cumulative frequency of data points.

Mode

The value that appears most frequently in a dataset.

Mean

The average of a set of numbers calculated by dividing the sum of the values by the number of values.

Median

The middle value of a dataset when it is ordered from least to greatest.

Variance

A measure of how far a set of data points are spread out from their mean.

Standard deviation

The square root of the variance, representing the average distance of each data point from the mean.

Percentiles

Values that divide a dataset into 100 equal parts.

Quartiles

Values that divide a dataset into four equal parts.

Interquartile Range (IQR)

The difference between the third quartile (Q3) and the first quartile (Q1), representing the middle 50% of a dataset.

Boxplot

A graphical representation of the five-number summary (minimum, Q1, median, Q3, maximum) of a dataset.

Skewness

A measure of the asymmetry of the probability distribution of a real-valued random variable.

Outliers

Data points that are significantly different from the other observations, either much larger or much smaller.

Weighted average

An average calculated by giving different weights to different values based on their importance.

Ungrouped data

Data that is presented as individual values without any categories.

Grouped data

Data that is organized into classes or groups.

Class width

The difference between the upper and lower boundaries of a class interval.