A&P Lab: Epithelial Tissues (Quiz 2)

What are the four tissue types?

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous

Characteristics of epithelial tissues

Tightly packed in a singe layer or multiple layers of endothelial cells

Single layer

Simple epithelium

Multiple layers

Stratified epithelium

Apical Surface

Surface exposed to external environment on internal open space

Basal Surface

Surface attached to the extracellular matrix (basal lamina)

Basal Lamina

Extracellular matrix (fibers) attach the basal surface to connective tissue

Connective Tissue

Provide support and flexibility

Basal Lamina + Connective Tissue =

Basement Membrane

Histology is the study of

Tissues

What are tissues composed of?

Layers or groups of cells that are similar in size, shape and function

What is the purpose of epithelial tissues?

To form coverings of the body’s external and internal surfaces, as well as most glands

What are a few types of epithelial tissues?

Integumentary (skin), alveoli (lungs), trachea (respiratory conducting zone)

What is the purpose of connective tissues?

To bind and support body parts

What is the purpose of muscle tissues?

To make movement possible

What is the purpose of nervous tissues?

To conduct impulses from one part of the body to another, and helps to control and coordinate physical and mental activities

Intercellular junctions

Connect cell membranes

What are the different types of intercellular junctions?

Tight junctions, desmosomes, GAP junctions, hemidesmosomes

Purpose of tight junctions (glue)

Connect (lateral) surfaces of adjacent cell membranes to form a sheet. Examples, blood vessels (capillaries) in the brain and cells lining the intestinal tract

Purpose of desmosomes (staples)

Connect (lateral) surface of adjacent cells that experience mechanical stress. Examples, skin, urinary bladder, gastrointestinal tract

Purpose of GAP junctions (hole punch)

Tubular junctions that allow for bidirectional movement of ions such as (Ca2+), nutrients and other cytoplasmic components

Hemidesmosomes

Connect the basal surface of cells to the basement membrane

What are the functions of epithelial cells?

Protection, filtration, secretion, absorption

Different types of epithelial cells/tissues perform…

Different functions

Structure of different epithelial cells determine…

The function of epithelial tissues

What are the types of epithelial cells?

Simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, stratified squamous, pseudostratified columnar, transitional

What is simple squamous?

Flat and long cells with horizontal oval nucleus

What is simple cuboidal?

Cube shaped cell with spherical nucleus

What is simple columnar?

Tall and narrow cells with vertical oval nucleus

What is stratified squamous?

Multiple layers of flat and long cells with horizontal oval nucleus

What is pseudostratified columnar?

Irregularly spaced vertical nuclei give the appearance of stratification (fake)

What Is transitional?

Contain multiple cell types (rare)

Simple squamous epithelium is found

Simple cuboidal epithelium is found

Simple columnar epithelium is found

Stratified squamous epithelium is found

Psuedostratified epithelium is found

Transitional eputhelium is found

What is this?

Simple squamous

What is this?

Simple cuboidal

What is this?

Simple columnar

What is this?

Stratified squamous

What is this?

Pseudostratified columnar

What is this

Transitional