🌿 Structure and Function of a Leaf (NSSCO Biology)

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29 Terms

1
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structure of upper epidermis

A single layer of transparent cells without chloroplasts.

<p>A single layer of transparent cells <strong>without chloroplasts</strong>.</p>
2
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functions of upper epidermis [ 3 ]

  • Protects the inner cells of the leaf.

  • Allows light to pass through to the photosynthetic cells beneath.

  • Secretes the cuticle for water conservation.

<ul><li><p>Protects the inner cells of the leaf.</p></li><li><p>Allows <strong>light to pass through</strong> to the photosynthetic cells beneath.</p></li><li><p>Secretes the <strong>cuticle</strong> for water conservation.</p></li></ul><p></p>
3
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significance of upper epidermis

Transparency ensures maximum light reaches the mesophyll for photosynthesis

<p>Transparency ensures maximum light reaches the mesophyll for photosynthesis</p>
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structure of cuticle

A waxy, waterproof layer covering the upper epidermis.

<p>A <strong>waxy, waterproof</strong> layer covering the upper epidermis.</p>
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functions of cuticle

Reduces water loss by evaporation.

<p>Reduces <strong>water loss by evaporation</strong>.</p>
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significance of cuticle

Prevents excessive drying of the leaf in hot or dry conditions

<p>Prevents excessive drying of the leaf in hot or dry conditions</p>
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structure of lower epidermis

Transparent cells forming the bottom layer of the leaf. May also secrete cuticle.

<p>Transparent cells forming the <strong>bottom layer</strong> of the leaf. May also secrete cuticle.</p>
8
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functions of lower epidermis

  • Protects inner tissues.

  • Allows light to pass through.

  • Contains stomata for gas exchange.

<ul><li><p>Protects inner tissues.</p></li><li><p>Allows <strong>light to pass through</strong>.</p></li><li><p>Contains <strong>stomata</strong> for gas exchange.</p></li></ul><p></p>
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significance of lower epidermis

Protects while supporting controlled gas exchange via stomata.

<p>Protects while supporting controlled gas exchange via stomata.</p>
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structure of mesophyll

Made up of two types of cells: Palisade Mesophyll & Spongy Mesophyll

<p>Made up of two types of cells:<strong> Palisade Mesophyll &amp; </strong>Spongy Mesophyll</p>
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structure of palisade mesophyll

Tightly packed, column-shaped cells with many chloroplasts, just beneath the upper epidermis.

<p>Tightly packed, column-shaped cells <strong>with many chloroplasts</strong>, just beneath the upper epidermis.</p>
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function of palisade mesophyll

Main site of photosynthesis.

<p><strong>Main site of photosynthesis</strong>.</p>
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significance of palisade mesophyll

Close to light and packed with chloroplasts to maximize photosynthesis.

<p>Close to light and packed with chloroplasts to maximize photosynthesis.</p>
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structure of spongy mesophyll

Loosely arranged cells with air spaces between them

<p>Loosely arranged cells with <strong>air spaces</strong> between them</p>
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functions of spongy mesophyll

  • Gas exchange between cells and air (CO₂ in, O₂ out).

  • Some photosynthesis also occurs here

<ul><li><p><strong>Gas exchange</strong> between cells and air (CO₂ in, O₂ out).</p></li><li><p>Some <strong>photosynthesis</strong> also occurs here</p></li></ul><p></p>
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significance of spongy mesophyll

Air spaces allow diffusion of gases and movement of water vapor for transpiration.

<p>Air spaces allow <strong>diffusion</strong> of gases and movement of water vapor for transpiration.</p>
17
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Vascular Bundles (Veins) - structure

Includes xylem and phloem.

<p>Includes <strong>xylem</strong> and <strong>phloem</strong>.</p>
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structure of xylem

Tubes called xylem vessels.

<p>Tubes called <strong>xylem vessels</strong>.</p>
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function of xylem

Transports water and mineral ions from roots to leaves.

<p>Transports <strong>water and mineral ions</strong> from roots to leaves.</p>
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significance of xylem

Water is essential for photosynthesis and keeping cells turgid.

<p>Water is essential for <strong>photosynthesis</strong> and keeping cells turgid.</p>
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stucture of phloem

Living tubes

<p>Living tubes</p>
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functions of phloem

Transports organic substances like sucrose and amino acids via translocation.

<p>Transports <strong>organic substances</strong> like <strong>sucrose and amino acids</strong> via <strong>translocation</strong>.</p>
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significance of phloem

Moves products of photosynthesis to other parts of the plant.

<p>Moves products of photosynthesis to other parts of the plant.</p>
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structure of stomata

Small pores in the lower epidermis, each surrounded by two guard cells.

<p><strong>Small pores</strong> in the <strong>lower epidermis</strong>, each surrounded by <strong>two guard cells</strong>.</p>
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functions of stomata

  • Allow carbon dioxide in for photosynthesis.

  • Allow oxygen and water vapor out.

  • Enable transpiration.

<ul><li><p>Allow <strong>carbon dioxide</strong> in for photosynthesis.</p></li><li><p>Allow <strong>oxygen</strong> and <strong>water vapor</strong> out.</p></li><li><p>Enable <strong>transpiration</strong>.</p></li></ul><p></p>
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significance of stomata

Control gas exchange and water loss, vital for survival and cooling the plant.

<p>Control <strong>gas exchange</strong> and <strong>water loss</strong>, vital for survival and cooling the plant.</p>
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structure of guard cells

Bean-shaped cells with some chloroplasts.

<p>Bean-shaped cells with <strong>some chloroplasts</strong>.</p>
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functions of guard cells

  • Open and close the stomata.

  • Perform some photosynthesis.

<ul><li><p>Open and close the <strong>stomata</strong>.</p></li><li><p>Perform some <strong>photosynthesis</strong>.</p></li></ul><p></p>
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significance of guard cells

Regulate gas exchange and water loss, helping the plant respond to environment.

<p>Regulate gas exchange and water loss, helping the plant respond to environment.</p>