Criminology - U2 - AC4.1 - Behaviour Modification and Operant Learning

Behaviour Modification

A form of therapy based on conditioning principles. It aims to train individuals to display desirable behaviours and reduce undesirable ones through reinforcement techniques.

Positive Reinforcement

A behaviour is more likely to be repeated when followed by a positive reward. For example, completing homework to receive a chocolate reward.

Negative Reinforcement

A behaviour is more likely to be repeated to avoid a negative consequence. For example, doing homework to avoid detention.

Token Economy

A behaviour modification system used in prisons where tokens are awarded for desirable behaviour. Tokens can be exchanged for privileges such as sweets or phone calls.

Operant Conditioning

Criminal behaviour is learned through reinforcement and punishment. Selective reinforcement in prisons makes positive behaviour more likely than negative behaviour.