HTH 210 Unit 9.1 DDT

cystolith

bladder stone

cystorrhagia

abnormal bleeding from the urinary bladder

nephrolithiasis

presence of calculi in the kidney; solidification of salts in the urine

nephroma

kidney tumor

nephropathy

general term for presence of kidney disease

nephroptosis

downward displacement of the kidney; floating kidney

nephrotic syndrome (NS)

damage to the glomerulus; protein appears in the urine

polycystic kidneys

formation of multiple cysts within the kidney; destroys normal kidney tissue

pyelitis

renal pelvis inflammation

pyelonephritis

inflammation of renal pelvis and kidney; common type of kidney disease

renal cell carcinoma

cancerous tumor of renal tubule cells

renal failure

inability of kidneys to filter wastes; results in uremia

wilm’s tumor

malignant kidney tumor; most often found in children

bladder cancer

cancerous tumor arising from cells lining bladder; primary symptom is hematuria

anuria

complete lack of urine production and lack of urine excretion

azotemia

nitrogenous wastes in the bloodstream

bacteriuria

presence of bacteria in the urine

calculus

stone formed within an organ from mineral salts

cystalgia

urinary bladder pain

ureterostenosis

ureter has become narrow

urethralgia

urethral pain

hematuria

presence of blood in the urine

hesitancy

decrease in force of urine stream, often with difficulty initiating the flow

nephrolith

kidney stone

nephromalacia

kidney is abnormally soft

nephromegaly

kidney is enlarged

nephrosclerosis

kidney tissue has become hardened

polyuria

producing an unusually large volume of urine

proteinuria

presence of protein in the urine

pyuria

presence of pus in the urine

ureterolith

stone in the ureter

urethrorrhagia

abnormal bleeding from the urethra

urethrostenosis

urethra has become narrow

urgency

feeling the need to urinate immediately

urinary incontinence

involuntary release of urine

urinary retention

inability to fully empty the bladder

retrograde pyelography (RP)

dye is inserted through the urethra to outline the bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis

voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)

dye is placed in the bladder; X-ray taken to visualize the urethra while patient is voiding

cystoscope

instrument used to visually examine the urinary bladder

cystoscopy (cysto)

visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope

urethroscope

instrument used to visually examine the urethra

catheter

flexible tube inserted into the body; commonly through the urethra into the bladder

catheterization (cath)

insertion of a tube through the urethra and into the urinary bladder

extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL)

use of ultrasound waves to break up renal calculi

hemodialysis (HD)

use of artificial kidney machine to filter the blood

peritoneal dialysis

removes wastes using chemically balanced solutions placed into peritoneal cavity

cystoplasty

surgical repair of the bladder

cystostomy

surgical creation of a new opening into the bladder

cystotomy

cutting into the bladder

lithotomy

cutting into an organ to remove a stone

lithotripsy

physical destruction of a stone

meatotomy

incision into the meatus to enlarge it

nephrectomy

surgical removal of a kidney

nephrolithotomy

incision to remove stones from the kidney

urology

Branch of medicine involved in diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the urinary system (and male reproductive system). Physician is a urologist.

cystectomy

surgical removal of the bladder

cystopexy

surgical fixation of the bladder

nocturia

having to urinate frequently during the night

oliguria

producing too little urine

acute tubular necrosis (ATN)

damage to renal tubules due to toxins in the urine; results in oliguria

diabetic nephropathy

damage to glomerular capillaries due to high blood sugar of diabetes mellitus

glomerulonephritis

inflammation of the kidney; more permeable to protein and blood cells

hydronephrosis

distention of renal pelvis due to accumulation of urine in the kidney

nephritis

kidney inflammation

diuresis

increased formation and secretion of urine

dysuria

difficult or painful urination

enuresis

involuntary discharge of urine; also called bed-wetting at night

frequency

greater-than-normal urge to urinate; no increase in total volume of urine

glycosuria

presence of sugar in the urine

cystogram

X-ray record of the bladder

cystography

contrast dye is placed in bladder and then X-ray is taken; outlines bladder

excretory urography (EU)

dye is injected into bloodstream; X-ray traces the dye as it moves through organs of the urinary system

ketonuria

presence of ketones in the urine; occurs when body burns fat instead of glucose for energy

ureterectasis

ureter is stretched out or dilated

intravenous pyelography (IVP)

injecting a dye into a vein and then taking an X-ray to outline the renal pelvis

kidneys, ureters, bladder (KUB)

abdominal X-ray showing the kidneys, ureters, and bladder

nephrogram

X-ray record of the kidney

pyelogram

X-ray record of the renal pelvis

nephropexy

surgical fixation of a kidney

nephrostomy

surgical creation of a new opening into a kidney

nephrotomy

cutting into a kidney

pyeloplasty

surgical repair of the renal pelvis

renal transplant

surgical placement of a donor kidney

nephrology

Branch of medicine involved in diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the kidney. Physician is a nephrologist.

renal colic

pain caused by a kidney stone

stricture

narrowing of a passageway in the urinary system

uremia

accumulation of waste products in the bloodstream

bladder neck obstruction (BNO)

blockage of bladder outlet; often caused by enlarged prostate gland

cystitis

urinary bladder inflammation

cystocele

protrusion of the urinary bladder into wall of vagina

interstitial cystitis

inflammation and irritation of bladder

neurogenic bladder

loss of nervous control; leads to retention

urinary tract infection (UTI)

infection of any organ of urinary system, usually by bacteria; begins with cystitis and may ascend into ureters and kidneys