Earthsci G11 First quarter

Bayonic Matter

4.6% of the universe; absorbs, emits, and reflects light

Cold dark matter

24% of the universe; does not emit light but has gravity

Dark energy

71.4% of the universe; source of anti-gravity

Anti-gravity

Force that counteracts gravity

Divine myths and the primordial sunrise

-From the Egyptians

-World rose from the infinite sea at the first sunrise

Kuba Creation Myth: Mbombo, the vomiting creator god

-Central Africa

-Ancient god got stomach ache and vomited celestial bodies

Divine Sacrifice: The Creation of Cosmos in Indian Mythology

-Gods sacrificed Purusha (primal man)

Head = sky

Feet = Earth

Eyes = Sun

Mind =moon

Rigveda: the Oscillating Universe and Cosmic Egg

-Oldest of four vedas

• expanded from point called Bindu

• Cycle of contraction and expansion

Monotheistic Perspectives

Judaism,Christianity, Islam

Democritus and Leucippus

Coined atomos, indivisible particles that make up the world

Aristotle, Ptolemy, Copernicus

First two suggested geocentrism while the third suggested Heliocentrism

Giordano Bruno

Says that the Universe is one of many star systems

Newton

Static Universe: Uniform Distribution and Gravitational balance

einstein

Static universe with a cosmological constant, counteracting gravity

Who disproved einstein’s theory

Edwin Hubble

Renè descartes

Proposed vortex with swing matter

Steady state model (discredited)

-Proposed in 1948

• New matter is created as universe expands, maintaining its density

Who proposed the steady state model?

bondi, gould, hoyle

Big bang theory

13.8 million years ago universe expanded from tiny, dense, hot mass

Georges Lemaìtre

Belgian priest, suggested in 1920s

Red shift

Galaxies move away = red

Galaxies move closer = blue

Who discovered Redshift in 1929?

Edwin Hubble

Most common elements in the universe

Hydrogen, Helium, Lithium

Nuclear burning or Nucelosynthesis

combining of heavy and light particles

4 H nuclei, 2 He protons and neutrons

In small stars, what combined to form energy?

Cosmic Microwave Background/ Relic Radiation

Discovered in 1964 During the making of radiowaves

Remnant of the early stages of the universe

Fills all space

Arno Penzias and Robert Woodrow Willson

Who discovered Relic Radiation?

Nobel price in 1978

Inflationary Epoch

1.) Universe expanded from size of atomic nucleus to 10 ^ 35 in width

Formation of the universe (10^-6 s)

Continues to expand

quarks, electrons, protons, neutrons

Gravity

Formation of basic elements (3s)

• protons and neutrons combined for hydrogen molecules to pair and become helium molecules via nucleosynthesis

Radiation era (300,000 yrs)

Most of energy was from radiation, CMBR

Birth of stars and galaxies (300 million yrs)

Birthplace of stars

Areas of gas clouds eventually became celestial bodies