Humanities Art Final

________ is the study of art by analyzing and comparing form and style—the way objects are made and their purely visual aspects.

formalism

_________ is the characteristics, key events, and situations which compose the essentials of human existence, such as birth, growth, emotionality, aspiration, conflict, and mortality.

The Human Condition

The elements of art include: line, space, texture, color, shape, form and _________.

value

The definition of “prehistoric” generally means _______.

before the written word

_______ allowed the beginnings of urban civilization, metal tools, government, and proto-writing.

The use of bronze

Monuments from the Neolithic period in Western Europe, such as Stonehenge, are characterized by ____________.

megalithic architecture

The Temple at Karnak was an enormous, open-aired religious site, constructed over 1500 years by many pharaohs, and dedicated to the supreme deity ________.

Amun

Temples in Egypt were connected to the idea of zep tepi, or _______.

“the first time”

This period, characterized by monotheism and a radically different artistic style, occurred during the New Kingdom, but it is so distinctive it has its own name: the _________.

Armana

Cycladic figures are based in simple ________ shapes.

geometric

Mycenaean culture can be summarized by its _______.

architectural innovations

This composition of lions or another feline animal flanking a single object is known as a ________.

heraldic composition

Monumental kraters and amphorae were made and decorated as ___________ markers, and these vessels are characteristic of Geometric vase painting during this period.

grave

Many classical works of Greek art highlight tales from ________.

greek mythology

Two of the most distinctive forms of free-standing sculptures to emerge during the Archaic period of Greek art (about 600-480 B.C.E.) were statues of youths (______) and maidens (korai).

kouroi

The Etruscan culture provides a bridge between the __________ and ___________ cultures.

Greek, Roman

The statue of Apulu (Apollo) from Veii was originally located _________.

on the roof

Verism refers to a hyper-realistic portrayal of the subject’s _____________.

facial features

In sculpture a relaxed pose where one leg bears weight is called __________.

contrapposto

(True/False) The human species originated on the African continent, making it the oldest inhabited territory on Earth.

True (1)

The earliest African sculpture in the round is from the ______ culture.

Nok

The inner power and energy of a person, or their Ase, was believed to reside in their __________.

head

(True/False) An illuminated manuscript is book written and decorated completely by hand.

True (2)

The interior of the dome of the Dome of the Rock represents the _________.

vault of heaven

______________ refers to any destruction of images, including the Byzantine Iconoclastic Controversy of the eighth and ninth centuries, although the Byzantines themselves did not use this term.

Iconoclasm

________ includes diverse civilizations that shared similar cultural characteristics in the geographic areas comprising the modern-day countries of Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Belize, El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rico.

Mesoamerica

Mixtec codices represent a type of writing classified as _________, meaning the characters and pictures used represent complete words and ideas instead of syllables or sounds.

logographic

Geoglyphs are designs formed onto the ________.

earth

___________ refers to the art of Europe from the late 10th century to the rise of the Gothic style in the 13th century.

Romanesque

________ is considered the “The Father of the Gothic period” as he launched the Gothic style with his renovations at the Saint-Denis.

Abbot Suger

Romanesque architecture is distinguished by massive quality, thick walls, _________ arches, sturdy piers, groin vaults, large towers, and decorative arcades.

rounded

__________ is a type of wall painting in which color pigments are mixed with water and applied to wet plaster. As the plaster and pigments dry, they fuse together and the painting becomes a part of the wall itself.

Fresco

Renaissance art, which began in ________, stressed the forms of classical antiquity, a realistic representation of space based on scientific perspective, and secular subjects.

Italy

_________ is a style of art developed at the end of the High Renaissance, characterized by the deliberate distortion and exaggeration of perspective, especially the elongation of figures.

Mannerism

While _________ initially began as predominantly literary movement, its influence quickly pervaded the general culture of the time, reintroducing classical Greek and Roman art forms and leading to the Renaissance.

Humanism

The early Qing dynasty developed in two main strands: the Orthodox School and the _________ painters. Both approaches followed the theories of Dong Qichang but stressed different aspects.

individualist

The rise of white porcelain occurred as a result of _________ influence and ideals, resulting in purer, less pretentious forms lacking artifice and complexity.

confucian

Zen art is primarily characterized by original _____ (such as sumi-e) and poetry (especially haiku) that strive to express the true essence of the world through impressionistic and unadorned representations.

paintings

___________ salons are characterized by their elaborate detail, intricate patterns, serpentine design work, asymmetry, and a predisposition to lighter, pastel, and gold-based color palettes.

Rococo

En plein air is a French expression that means “____________”.

in the open air

____________ is a 19th century movement known for its paintings that aimed to depict the transience of light, and to capture scenes of modern life and the natural world in their ever-shifting conditions.

Impressionism

__________ is an artistic movement that began in France in the 1850s, rejected Romanticism, seeking instead to portray contemporary subjects and situations with truth and accuracy.

Realism

_________ is an artistic movement of the last part of the 19th century that emphasized spontaneity and the use of extremely bright colors.

Fauvism

Picasso and Georges Braque co-founded the _______ movement, one of the most influential movements in Modern Art.

Cubist

__________ emerged from the Interwar period and combines traditional craft motifs with Machine-Age imaginary and materials.

Art Deco

___________ is an artistic and architectural philosophy that originated in Russia beginning in 1919, which was a rejection of the idea of autonomous art. The movement was in favor of art as a practice for social purposes.

Constructivism

_________ is an artistic movement and aesthetic philosophy that aims for the liberation of the mind by emphasizing the critical and imaginative powers of the subconscious.

Surrealism

__________ is a cultural movement that began in Zürich, Switzerland during World War I and

peaked from 1916 to 1920. The movement primarily involved visual arts, poetry, theatre, and

graphic design, and was characterized by nihilism, deliberate irrationality, disillusionment, cynicism,

chance, randomness, and the rejection of the prevailing standards in art.

Dada

__________ is the practice of creating two-dimensional or three-dimensional artistic

compositions by combining and manipulating found objects.

assemblage

________is used to describe a trend in design and architecture in which the subject is

reduced to its necessary elements.

Minimalism