Immun & Biotech (beginning to innate immunity) 5 lectures including organs

-need to know if cell types are granulocytes or not

antigen and antibody complex are found where

adaptive immunity

CH50

allows you to see if the complement system is active or not active

macrophages

innate immune myeloid cells

the immune response to a pathogen can consist of ______ phases. what does this depend on?

1, 2, or 3

the severity of the infection

the initial phase of the immune response

starts as soon as the pathogen invades

this phase comprises the immediate molecular innate immune response

this is sufficient to terminate most infections

what happens when if the first phase can’t wipe out the infection?

the cellular innate immune response is brought into play as the 2nd phase

if after 4 days of infection, the combined molecular and cellular innate immune responses have failed to quell the infection…..

an adaptive immunity is formed

what surveys the extracellular space for invading microbes

TLRs, C-type lectin receptors, and scavenger receptors

What examines the intracellular space (cytosol) for threats and viral invasions?

the RLS, cGAS-STING pathway, and the NLRs

Pattern Recognition Receptors are found where?

in the 3 subcellular regions

Toll-Like Receptors

sense the presence of different types of infections

-each type senses one or more characteristics of microbial macromolecules

-10 human TLR genes: these encode distinctive TLR polypeptides

TLRs are signaling receptors of ______ immunity

signaling

they detect the presence of infection

Structure of TLRs

pathogen recognition domain is in the cell membrane

TLRs use _______ signaling pathway(s) of pathogen recognition

multiple

cytokines

allows the cell of immunity to communicate and make more cells come in/leave???

they regulate immunity, inflammation, and cell growth

Where is TLR4 located?

located in plasma membrane

TLR3 & TLR7 location?

located in the endosome

dendritic cells

pick up antigens and take them to T cells

connect innate and adaptive immunity

have high phagocytic ability

Homeostasis Macrophage Phagocytosis

ingesting and destroying microbes, dying cells, and debris without triggering harmful inflammation

important for this process to be working well to not get sick and stay healthy

if the microbe persists in the phagolysosome, the _____ needs to be activated by a helper cell type

macrophage

• when the macrophage is activated, it performs the respiratory burst and generates reactive oxygen and nitrogen species to assist in killing the micrboe

Dendritic cells gather ______ in the tissues and deliver it to ________

information

the lymphocytes in the lymph node

Netosis

a specialized form of programmed cell death used by neutrophils (a type of white blood cell) to trap and kill extracellular pathogens by releasing sticky networks of DNA and antimicrobial proteins

CGD

rare inherited immune system disorder that stops certain white blood cells from destroying specific bacteria and fungi

What do NK cells do?

they can provide an early response to virus infection

• act as rapid first responders in the innate immune system

• they help destroy virus-infected cells

Where do NK cells circulate?

between the blood and tissues

What cells do NK cells proliferate and differentiate into? How is this activated?

cytotoxic effector cells

activated by type I interferon

What are the primary or central lymphoid organs?

bone marrow and thymus

Where do T cells mature?

thymus

Role of the Thymus

maturation and selection of T cells

what cells proliferate and differentiate within the bone marrow?

Immature B cells

main functions of bone marrow

primary of blood cell formation

breakdown of old red blood cells

second lymphoid organs

the main command posts where mature immune cells trap foreign invaders and launch adaptive immune responses

• spleen and lymph nodes

how does the spleen respond to systemic infections

filters blood thus trapping blood-borne pathogens

lymphatic system

maintains fluid balance, absorbs dietary fats, and defends the body against infections

what is the first organized lymphoid structure to encounter antigens that enter the tissue space?

lymph nodes

lymph nodes contain a reticular network packed with… (3)

lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells