A+P 1 Lab exam 1

Diffusion

Movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration

Example- perfume spreading throughout a room

Osmosis

movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane. Water moves from an area of high water concentration to low water concentration.

Example- water moving into a plant cell

Cardiovascular system

transports blood, oxygen nutrients, and wastes throughout the body

Respiratory system

brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide

Digestive system

breaks down food and absorbs nutrients

nervous system

controls and coordinates body activities, responds to stimuli

Muscular system

allows movement and helps maintain posture

skeletal system

supports and protects the body and works with muscles for movement

Integumentary system

protects the body through skin, hair, and nails; helps regulate temperature

Endocrine system

produces hormones that regulate body processes

urinary system

removes wastes from the blood and helps regulate water and salt balance

Lymphatic system

defends the body against disease and infection

reproductive system

produces s*x cells and allows reproduction

epithelial system

covers and protects body surfaces and lines organs and cavities

Atom 1

smallest unit of an element

Molecule 2

two or more atoms bonded together

Organelle 3

structures inside a cell

Cell 4

basic unit of life

tissue 5

group of similar cells working together

organ 6

group of tissues working together

organ system 7

group of organs working together

organism 8

an individual living thing

Hypertonic

water moves out of the cell

the cell shrinks

Hypotonic

water moves into the cell

cell swells and may burst

Isotonic

water moves in and out equally

cell stays the same size

condenser

focuses light onto the specimen

base

supports the microscope

arm

supports the upper parts; used to carry the microscope

fine adjustment knob

makes small adjustments to sharpen the image

coarse adjustment knob

moves the stage quickly for general focusing

Light source

provides light to see the specimen

diaphragm

controls the amount of light reaching the specimen

stage clips

holds the slide in place

stage

platform that holds the slide

objective lens

magnify the specimen (usually 4x,10,40x)

revolving nosepiece

holds and rotates the objective lenses

body tube/head

holds the lenses in place

eyepiece (ocular lens)

lens you look through

vesicles

transport materials around the cell

chloroplasts

carry out photosynthesis in plant cells

cell wall

provides support and protection in plant cells

cytoskeleton

gives the cell shape and helps with movement

centrioles

help with cell division

vacuoles

store water, food, and waste

lysosomes

break down waste, old cell parts, and foreign materials

Golgi apparatus

modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials

smooth er

makes lipids and helps detoxify substances

rough er

makes and transports proteins; has ribosomes

endoplasmic reticulum (er)

helps make and transport proteins and lipids

mitocondria

produce energy (ATP) for the cell

ribosomes

makes proteins

nucleolus

makes ribosomes

nucleus

contains dan and controls cell activities

cytoplasm

jelly-like substance where many chemical reactions occur

cell membrane

controls what enters and leaves the cell

Carbohydrates

monomer- monosaccharides

quick energy

Proteins

monomer- amino acids

structure, enzymes, transport

Lipids

monomer- glycerol + fatty acids

long-term energy, cell membranes

Nucleic acids (DNA + RNA)

monomer- nucleotides

store and transmit genetic info