Medical Terminology Blood, Lymph and Immune Systems (Ch 9)

What are the three main formed elements in
blood?

Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets or thrombocytes

What are the main functions of leukocytes?

Provide body defense against infection and aid in tissue repair

What is the main function of platelets
(thrombocytes)?

Provide a blood clotting mechanism when injuries cause bleeding

blood

hemo, hemato

cell

cyto

red

erythro

white

leuko

blood clot

thrombo

embolus (plug)

embolo

clumping, gluing

agglutino

serum

sero

nucleus

karyo, nucleo

iron

sidero

swallowing, eating

phago

fear of blood (or bleeding)

hemophobia

red blood cell

erythrocyte

separation, destruction, loosening of a
blood clot

thrombolysis

large blood cell

macrocyte

formation, production of blood

hemopoiesis

standing still of blood

hemostasis

cells that are white

leukocytes

tumor composed of blood

hematoma

resembling a thrombus

thromboid

decrease or deficiency of iron

sideropenia

cell that swallows or eats (injests)

phagocyte

abnormal condition of a blood clot

thrombosis

What is the function of the lymphatic system?

It helps maintain fluid balance and defends the body against invading microorganisms.

How does the lymphatic system maintain fluid
balance?

It drains excess tissue fluid from interstitial spaces and returns it to the blood.

tonsil

tonsillo

neck

cervico

thymus

thymo

spleen

spleno

lymph vessel

lymphangio

chest

thoraco

groin

inguino

lymph gland (node)

lymphadeno

gland

adeno

lymph

lympho

vessel (usually blood or lymph)

angio

foreign, strange

xeno

tumor of the thymus gland

thymoma

formation or production of lymph

lymphopoiesis

tumor of a lymph vessel

lymphangioma

process of clumping, gluing

agglutination

study of immunity

immunology

enlargement of the spleen

splenomegaly

inflammation of a lymph gland (node)

lymphadenitis

disease of lymph glands

lymphadenopathy

specialist in the study of immunity

immunologist

decrease or deficiency in red blood cells

erythropenia

decrease or deficiency in white blood cells

leukopenia

A 15-month-old Lebanese child brought to
the ED is crying inconsolably. A specialized
blood test revealed crescent-shaped RBCs.
This result confirms (pernicious anemia, iron
deficiency anemia, sickle cell anemia).

sickle cell anemia

Ms. T. complains of fatigue and headaches
and appears pale and listless. She says her periods have been excessively heavy for the
last year. A complete blood count shows a
low hemoglobin and hematocrit. The differential shows RBCs with a large, central
pallor. The tentative diagnosis is (pernicious
anemia, iron deficiency anemia, sickle cell
anemia).

iron deficiency anemia

Mrs. R. arrives at the clinic with fatigue and
impaired muscular function. Her blood tests
reveal she has enlarged RBCs. The doctor
prescribes injections of vitamin B12 and charts her condition as (leukemia, iron deficiency anemia, pernicious anemia).

pernicious anemia

Mr. A. is diagnosed with iron deficiency
anemia. He is told that there is insufficient
iron in his RBCs, causing them to have a very
light color, clinically described as (hypochromic, metachromic, hyperchomic).

hypochromic

Mrs. J. has been a vegan for 5 years. She
complains of tiredness, feeling cold in her
feet, and having brittle nails. These symptoms are consistent with (iron deficiency anemia, pernicious anemia, sickle cell anemia).

iron deficiency anemia

Mrs. K. is diagnosed with leukemia and asks
the nurse to explain this disease. How should
the nurse respond?

It is a malignancy of the
blood-forming tissues of the bone marrow.

Ms. B. complains of fatigue, bruising, and
tiring easily during exercise. While examining Ms. B., the physician discovers an enlargement of the liver and charts her Dx as _____

hepatomegaly

Mr. Z. is diagnosed with leukemia. His
chemotherapy treatment results in a low WBC
count. Dr. M. prescribes a unit of blood to
decrease the possibility of contracting an infection. This administration of blood is called a blood (collection, purifier, transfusion).

blood transfusion

Mr. K. suffers from leukemia and presents to
the hospital for a bone marrow transplant.
Transplantation of bone marrow from a
donor is known as a (autologous, cadaveric,
homologous) transplant.

homologous transplant

Mrs. J.’s past history indicates that she
suffers from an autoimmune disease that
manifests as a chronic abnormal enlargement
of her lymph nodes. The physician charts this
disease of the lymph nodes as (adenoid,
adenocyst, adenopathy).

adenopathy

Mrs. P. presents with swelling and excessive
accumulation of lymph under her arm after a
radical mastectomy. Dr. R. diagnoses this
condition as (lymphoma, lymphomegaly,
lymphedema).

lymphedema

Dr. J. detects lymphedema as he examines
Mrs. L. after her radical mastectomy. He
explains that this condition is due to the
excision of her underarm lymph nodes,
which prevents drainage of lymph fluid. The
term for excision of lymph nodes is
(adenectomy, lymphectomy, lymphadenectomy).

lymphadenectomy

Mr. S. presents with a large, painful node
in his groin. The doctor believes a
lymphatic blockage exists and orders an
x-ray of the lymph gland. This diagnostic
procedure is called (lymphadenotomy,
lymphadenorrhaphy, lymphadenography).

lymphadenography

Ms. D. was scratched on the arm by her new
kitten. Three days later a large lump
appeared under her arm. After examination,
the doctor diagnosed cat-scratch fever with a
resulting inflammation of the lymph gland.
The doctor charted this diagnosis as
(lymphadenopathy, lymphadenitis,
lymphocele).

lymphadenitis

Mr. C. is diagnosed with Kaposi sarcoma and
asks the doctor to explain the disease. How
should the doctor respond?

It’s a malignancy of connective tissues, especially of the skin, mucous membranes, and lymph vessel lining that is usually associated with HIV.

Mr. M. is scheduled for a treatment that
administers natural immune substances
produced in a laboratory to destroy cancer
cells. This type of treatment is charted as
(hormone therapy, chemotherapy,
immunotherapy).

immunotherapy

Mr. Z. has a history of HIV and presents with
purplish brown papules on both arms and
legs. The doctor suspects he has a CA that is
associated with AIDS. This type of cancer is
known as

Kaposi sarcoma

Mrs. R. is a recent liver transplant patient.
The doctor prescribes drugs to prevent her
transplanted liver from being rejected by her
body. The drugs she is taking to suppress
her immune system and prevent organ
rejection are known as (hormone therapy,
chemotherapy, immunosuppressives).

immunosuppressives

antibody (immunoglobulin)

protein produced by B cells that protects against substances that are potentially harmful to the body

antigen

substance recognized by the immune system that will elicit the production of antibodies

ascites

accumulation of serous fluid in the thoracic or abdominopelvic cavity

ecchymosis

purple, irregularly formed hemorrhagic area under the skin; also called bruise

petechiae

small, pinpoint hemorrhages under the skin

titer

blood test that measures the amount of antibodies in blood; commonly used as an indicator of immune status

Mr. B. undergoes diagnostic tests that
confirm he has a tumor composed of
lymphatic vessels. The tumor must be
excised. The physician charts excision of
lymphatic vessels as _____

lymphangiectomy

Mr. A. is diagnosed with leukemia and
referred to a specialist. The physician who
specializes in treatment of blood disorders is called a _____

hematologist

Mr. J. is diagnosed with leukemia. His
physician recommends chemotherapy and
bone marrow radiation followed by
replacement of healthy bone marrow cells, a
treatment called (bone marrow transplant,
bone marrow aspiration, bone marrow
biopsy).

bone marrow transplant

Mr. D. has several enlarged nodes in his
neck. To confirm his diagnosis, the physician
orders removal of a small sample of tissue
for laboratory evaluation. This procedure is
known as a(n) (biopsy, ablation, resection).

biopsy

process of recording lymph vessel(s)

lymphangiography

process of recording lymph gland(s)

lymphadenography

study of serum

serology

Mr. G. is diagnosed with a thrombus. To
dissolve the blood clot the physician
prescribes a (immunization,
immunosuppressant, thrombolytic)

thrombolytic

To prevent the formation of a postsurgical
blood clot, the physician prescribes an
(anticoagulant, immunization, immunosuppressant).

anticoagulant

To prevent rejection of Mr. K.’s recently
transplanted kidney, the physician prescribes
a(n) (anticoagulant, immunosuppressant,
thrombolytic).

immunosuppressent

AMA recommends vaccinations to induce
immunity to certain infectious diseases.
These vaccinations are known as
(anticoagulants, immunizations,
immunosuppressants).

immunizations