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Behavior Genetics
The study of the influence of genetic factors on behavioral traits, often examining how genes and environmental factors contribute to individual differences in behavior and personality.
Genetic Predisposition
An increased chance or likelihood of developing a particular characteristic, interest, trait, or disease based on the presence of one or more genetic variants and/or a family genetic history.
Genome
The complete set of genes or genetic material present in an organism, containing all the information necessary to build and maintain that organism.
Human Genome Project
A large-scale, international research project completed in 2003, aimed at mapping and understanding all the genes of human beings to enhance knowledge of human biology, health, and disease.
Pheromones
Chemical substances produced and released into the environment by an animal or human, affecting the behavior or physiology of others of its species, often related to attraction, social interaction, or mating.
Monozygotic Twins
Identical twins that develop from a single fertilized egg, splitting into two embryos, resulting in two individuals with identical genetic material.
Dizygotic Twins
Fraternal twins that develop from two separate eggs fertilized by two different sperm cells, resulting in siblings that are genetically similar but not identical.
Heredity
The transmission of genetic characteristics from parents to offspring, determining various traits and aspects of physical and behavioral development.
Heritability
A measure of how well differences in people's genes account for differences in their traits.
Molecular Genetics
The branch of genetics that focuses on the structure and function of genes at a molecular level, including the study of gene expression and regulation.
Evolutionary Psychology
A theoretical approach in psychology that explains psychological traits as adaptations shaped by natural selection to solve problems faced by our ancestors.
Natural Selection
The process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring, influencing the evolution of species over generations.
Adaptation
A trait that has evolved through natural selection, increasing the chances of survival and reproduction in a particular environment.
Diathesis-Stress Model
A psychological theory that explains behavior as a predispositional vulnerability together with stress from life experiences, suggesting that psychological disorders are a result of both genetic predisposition and environmental stressors.
Epigenetics
The study of changes in gene expression that do not involve alterations to the genetic code itself, often influenced by environmental factors, affecting how genes are turned on or off.
Prospective Studies
Research studies that follow participants over time to observe how certain factors or behaviors affect outcomes, often used to identify risk factors and potential causes of diseases.
Eugenics
A movement or set of beliefs that advocates for the improvement of human genetic traits through selective breeding, historically associated with controversial and unethical practices.
