Solution Concentration and Acid-Base Chemistry Vocabulary

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering concentration terms, solution calculations, and acid-base definitions from Worksheets 6.7, 6.8, 12.1, and 12.2.

Solute

The component of a mixture present in a lesser amount.

Solvent

The component of a mixture present in a greater amount.

Solution

The total mixture formed by combining the solute and solvent, which acts as the denominator term in concentration calculations.

Molarity

A unit of concentration represented by the single letter $M$, defined as moles of solute per liter of solution, which is the most useful unit for stoichiometry.

Mass/Mass Percent Concentration (m/m%)

A concentration expression that determines the mass of solute relative to the total mass of the solution.

Volume/Volume Percent Concentration (v/v%)

A concentration expression that compares the volume of liquid solute to the total volume of the solution.

Mass/Volume Percent Concentration (m/v%)

A concentration term calculating the mass of solute divided by the total volume of the solution.

Arrhenius Acid

A substance that releases hydrogen ions ($H^+$) when dissolved and dissociated in water.

Arrhenius Base

A substance that releases hydroxide ions ($OH^-$) when dissolved and dissociated in water.

Dissociation Equation

A chemical reaction showing an acid reacting with water or a base breaking apart into its ions in an aqueous solution.

Polyprotic Acid

An acid that possesses more than one acidic hydrogen atom, such as $H_2CO_3$ or $H_3PO_4$, and dissociates in multiple steps.

Oxalic Acid

A chemical compound with the formula $H_2C_2O_4$ involved in quantitative stoichiometry reactions.