A + P 1 Chapter 4 : Cellular Metabolism

Cellular Metabolism

group of chemical reactions that aquire, store, and release energy in the cells of the body.

Catabolism

larger molecules are broken down or decomposed into smaller ones

releases energy (40%) and heat (60%)

Anabolism

larger molecules are synthesized from smaller ones

requires energy released in catobolism

Anabolism + Catabolism =

Metabolism

Enzymes

control the rates of all the metabolic reactions of the cells

Cofactors

Non- protein component

Denatured

enzymes affected by heat, pH extremes, chemicals, electricity and radiation

Energy

ability to change or do work

ATP molecules

3 phosphates in a chain

Cellular Respiration

3 series of reactions in which glucose is cataolized to carbon dioxide, water and energy

1. Glycosis

2. Citric Acid Cycle

3. Electron Transport Chain

Glycosis

Splitting of 6 - C glucose in 2 3 - C molecules of pyruvic acid

Electron Transport Chain

Uses high-energy electrons from the other processes and generates 28 ATP from each glucose molecule that enters the pathways.

DNA

contains the genetic code.

Gene

Portion of a DNA molecule that contains genetic info for making a single protein

Genome

complete set of genetic instructions for an organism

Exome

Portion of genome that encodes proteinsN

DNA Replication

Occurs in interphase

• DNA double helix separates breaking hydrogen bonds between base pairs

• Double Helix unwinds

• DNA polymerase catalyzes

Genetic Code

sequence of base pairs in a gene that specifies the order of amino acids to make a particular protein

Protein synthesis

requires two sequential steps

1. Transcription

2. Translation

Transcription

Synthesizes of mRNA molecules in nucleus.

Completion = enzyme reaches the end of gene

Translation

Codon

Completion = Protein is released, mRNA, tRNA and ribosomes can be used over