scramble for africa final

Fidel Castro

• leader in Cuba

• during decolonization, sent boots on the ground

• sent internationalist troops to fight in Angola

• During Namibian crisis, gave tough conditions, such as releasing Mandela

Sekou Toure

• Nationalist in Guinea and first president of Guinea

• He formed Parti Democratic du
  Guinea

• Was the one in francophone countries that voted no to De Gaulle’s referendum

Amilcar Cabral

• Cape Verden nationalist who trained as a guerrilla in Cuba

• Fought with the MPLA in Angola

• Fought to decolonize 3 Portuguese colonies using guerilla warfare over 10 years.

General Spinola

• A Portuguese military commander in Guinea-Bissau

• Wrote a book about the war in Africa, stating why Portugal could not defeat Cabral and win the war in Africa since soldiers were stretched thin

• his country did not listen to him, and in 1974, he carried out a coup in Portugal, became leader, and set all Portugues colonies free

Jomo Kenyatta

• Nationalist and first president of Kenya

• Attended Manchester Conference of 1945, denounced Mau Mau in 1952

• He was mistaken as a Mau Mau leader by the British and jailed

Lari Massacre

• When the Mau Mau killed 120 loyalists to Britain

• Britain retaliated by killing 150 Mau Mau sympathizers in the same village

• resulted int he death of 270 people

Operation Jock Stock

• Methods used by the British against the Mau Mau

• British military in Kenya rained bombs on the Aberdares Mountains

5 Multinational companies in DRC

1. Bechtel Inc.

2. BAT Congo

3. Agip Congo

4. Sait Telecom

5. Victoria Group

5 causes of Mau Mau Rebellion

1. land alienation/Africans pushed off their land

2. joblessness

3. oppression and injustices

4. racism

5. forced labor

6. IF NEEDED FOR EXAM: Corporal punishment

4 Methods used to defeat the Mau Mau apart from “operations”

1. Concentration Camps

2. torture

3. use of turncoats: sellout snitch ex-soldiers

4. hanging of people