A&P test 1

Endocrine glands:

a. Secrete substances that do not alter metabolism of their target cells but have extracellular effects

b. Secrete their products by way of ducts

c. Have an unusually low density of blood capillaries

d. Release their secretions directly into the blood

e. Secretions may be released onto the body surface

e. Secretions may be released onto the body surface

The neurohypophysis secretes hormones that are involved in:

a. sexual reproduction

b. water balance

c. glucose metabolism

d. sexual reproduction and water balance

e. water balance and glucose metabolism

d. sexual reproduction and water balance

Which of the following shows the correct sequence of hormones and effects of those hormones?

a. GnRH from Hypothalamus -> FSH from Anterior Pituitary -> Mammary Glands -> Lactation

b. CRH from Hypothalamus -> ACTH from Anterior Pituitary -> Adrenals -> Release of corticosteroids

c. TRH from Hypothalamus -> Prolactin from Posterior Pituitary -> Ovaries -> Ovulation

d. GHIH from Hypothalamus -> GH from Posterior Pituitary -> growth of muscles and bones

b. CRH from Hypothalamus -> ACTH from Anterior Pituitary -> Adrenals -> Release of corticosteroids

If the posterior pituitary were destroyed, which of the following functions would not be impaired?

a. increasing water absorption from kidneys

b. contractions of the uterus during childbirth

c. milk flow during breastfeeding

d. development of follicles in the ovaries

d. development of follicles in the ovaries

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone targets the

a. thyroid gland

b. thyroid hormone

c. hypothalamus

d. posterior pituitary

e. anterior pituitary

e. anterior pituitary

The anterior pituitary hormone #5 causes milk to be synthesized__________________ birth.

a. PIH; before

b. PRL; before

c. PIH; after

d. PRL; after

d. PRL; after

An example of a hydrophilic hormone is:

a. steroid

b. peptide

c. monoamine

d. steroid and peptide

e. peptide and monoamine

e. peptide and monoamine

blood does not

a. Transport a variety of gases and nutrients

b. Produce hormones

c. Participate in blood clotting

d. Help stabilize pH

e. Help regulate temperature

b. Produce hormones

Tissues can become edematous (swollen) when

a. colloid pressure is high

b. there is hypoproteinemia

c. there is a dietary deficiency

d. hematocrit is high

e. the concentration of sodium and proteins in blood is high

b. there is hypoproteinemia

An agranulocyte that makes antibodies (involved in immune memory).

a. monocytes

b. basophils

c. lymphacytes

d. eosinophils

e. neutrophils

c. lymphacytes

Myeloid hemopoiesis occurs in the:

a. red bone marrow

b. thymus

c. yellow bone marrow

d. spleen

e. liver

a. red bone marrow

Most oxygen is transported bound to:

a. Heme groups in hemoglobin

b. Alpha chains of hemoglobin

c. Beta chains of hemoglobin

d. Delta chains of hemoglobin

e. Plasma membrane of the erythrocytes

a. Heme groups in hemoglobin

The kidneys and liver regulate the production of

a. leukocytes

b. erythrocytes

c. platelets (thrombocytes)

d. leukocytes and erythrocytes

e. erythrocytes and platelets (thrombocytes)

e. erythrocytes and platelets (thrombocytes)

_____________ of thyroid hormones and enlargement of the thyroid gland occurs in "Graves' Disease."

a. hypersecretion

b. hyposecretion

a. hypersecretion

____________ of Growth Hormone in children and adolescents can cause gigantism.

a. hypersecretion

b. hyposecretion

a. hypersecretion

Type I Diabetes is associated with a ___________ of Insulin.

a. hypersecretion

b. hyposecretion

b. hyposecretion

A____________ of Calcitonin could cause Ca2+ levels to drop too much in the blood.

a. hypersecretion

b. hyposecretion

a. hypersecretion

Some children are born with a condition that causes___________ of Thyroid Hormone, resulting in stunted physical development and irreversible brain damage.

a. hypersecretion

b. hyposecretion

b. hyposecretion

A ___________of glucorcorticoids and mineralocorticoids from the adrenals can result in hypoglycemia, weight loss and dehydration.

a. hypersecretion

b. hyposecretion

b. hyposecretion

Myxedema is a problem associated with low metabolism and tissue swelling (edema) in adults. It can be caused by _________ of Thyroid Hormone.

a. hypersecretion

b. hyposecretion

b. hyposecretion

___________ of Thyroid Hormone occurs and results in enlargement of the thyroid gland in "Hashimoto's Disease."

a. hypersecretion

b. hyposecretion

b. hyposecretion

A________________ of cortisol leading to hyperglycemia is associated with Cushing Syndrome

a. hypersecretion

b. hyposecretion

a. hypersecretion

_______________ of Growth Hormone is adults can cause abnormal growth of bone and softy tissue in the feet, hands and face of adults.

a. hypersecretion

b. hyposecretion

a. hypersecretion

A _____________ of Melatonin may be associated with Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD).

a. hypersecretion

b. hyposecretion

a. hypersecretion

Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the posterior pituitary?

a. Arises from the neurohypophyseal bud in the embryo

b. Communicates with the hypothalamus through nervous system

c. Controlled by "releasing" and "inhibiting" hormones

d. Stores hormones produced by supraoptic nucleus

e. Stores hormones produced by paraventricular nucleus

c. Controlled by "releasing" and "inhibiting" hormones

? Which of the following statements is FALSE about the pancreatic islets of Langerhans

a. Glucagon is secreted from alpha cells between meals

b. Insulin is secreted from beta cells during or just after a meal

c. Insulin decreases blood glucose levels

d. Glucagon promotes glycogenesis and storage of excess glucose as fat

e. Glucagon increases blood glucose levels

d. Glucagon promotes glycogenesis and storage of excess glucose as fat

Where is Aldosterone secreted from and what is its main effect?

a. Pineal gland; synchronization of physiological function into daily cycles

b. Posterior Pituitary; increases water reabsorption I kidneys

c. Adrenal cortex- zona glomerulosa; increase Na+ absorption from kidneys

d. Adrenal medulla; secretion of catecholamines to prepare for stress

c. Adrenal cortex- zona glomerulosa; increase Na+ absorption from kidneys

The hormones secreted from the thymus all stimulate development and activity of______

a. T cells of the immune system

b. Parafolllicular cells of Thyroid

c. Alpha cells of Pancreas

d. Glomerular cells in adrenal gland

e. Paraventricular cells of Hypothalamus

a. T cells of the immune system

___________ hormones can be transported inside their target cells, while__________hormones have to bind to receptors on the cell membrane surface in order to activate 2nd messenger pathways.

a. Hydrophilic; hydrophobic

b. Hydrophobic; hydrophilic

b. Hydrophobic; hydrophilic

This genetic disorder is more common in people of African descent. The mutation in the hemoglobin causes abnormally shaped RBCs that can block small blood vessels.

sickle cell disease

This yellowish pigment can build up in the skin when there is liver damage and cause jaundice.

bilirubin

This hormone is released by the liver and kidneys in response to hypoxemia. It produces more RBCs.

erythropoietin

This refers to the production of white blood cells.

leukopoiesis

These are chemicals released from mature white blood cells to stimulate the production of more, specific types of white blood cells.

colony stimulating factors

This protein is very important for oxygen transport

hemoglobin

A granulocyte that secretes histamine and heparin

basophils

A granulocyte that fights parasites

eosinophils

Found in blood plasma after centrifugation

albumins

A granulocyte that fights bacteria

neutrophils

An agranulocyte that turns into a large, phagocytic cell that destroys dead cells and pathogens.

monocytes

Can result if too much erythropoietin is released from the liver and kidneys.

polycythemia

Would be indicated by a lower hematocrit, due to the lower cell count

anemia

Found in the Buffy Coat of blood after centrifugation

leukocytes

This hormone (released by the liver and kidneys) controls the production of platelets.

thrombopoietin