HDE 100B: Final Exam QUIZ Questions

What physical change in middle childhood prepares the body to reproduce?

a)Adrenarche

b)All of the above

c)Increases in adiposity

d)Rapid bone growth

B) All of the above

According to lecture and the textbook, which of the following is NOT a risk factor for autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?

a) Advanced paternal age at time of conception

b) Being Caucasian or European American

c) Having an immediate family member with ASD

d) Having a specific learning disorder

D) Having a specific learning disorder

Which statement about specific learning disorder is incorrect?

A) Dyslexia is the most commonly diagnosed learning disorder.

B) Children can be diagnosed with multiple learning disorders.

C) No single test accurately diagnoses any learning disorder.

D) None of the above

D) None of the above

Growth in the corpus callosum helps with....

A) Executive functions

B)Sensory information processing

C) Lateralization across the two brain hemispheres

D) None of the above

C) Lateralization across the two brain hemispheres

What proportion of U.S. children consume fast food everyday?

A) 1/2

B) 1/3

C) More than half

D) 1/8

B) 1/3

Which of the following is NOT mentioned by Eccles (1999) as a basic psychological need that drives development?

A) Love

B) Competence

C) Relatedness

D) Autonomy

A) love

Why is middle childhood considered the healthiest time of the entire life span?

a) Major illnesses in middle childhood are insignificant.

b) The death rate is lower in middle childhood than it is in any other time of life.

c) None of the above

d) Neurodevelopmental disorders such as Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism are rare.

b) The death rate is lower in middle childhood than it is in any other time of life.

What concept best describes when a child's chronic toothache interferes with their thinking and school performance?

a) Embodied cognition

b) Developmental psychopathology

c) Comorbidity

d) Hygiene hypothesis

a) Embodied cognition

According to the textbook, why are there historical changes in rates of children's special educational needs?

a) All of the above

b)Teachers, therapists, and parents can work at cross-purposes to educate a child.

c)Labels for children's specific conditions have changed.

d)Newer laws now require public schools to serve children with special needs.

a) All of the above

According to Eccles (1999), why is middle childhood an important phase of development?

A) Puberty

B)Health improves

C) Self-concepts are forming

D) None of the above

C) Self-concepts are forming

What are some main ideas behind Information Processing Theory?

A) People express conclusions in a way that others can understand.

B) People seek relevant facts and analyze.

C) People sense and perceive large amounts of information.

D) All of the above

D) All of the above

During the concrete operational stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development, children develop the ability to...

A) engage in deductive reasoning.

B) think about abstract concepts.

C) engage in egocentric thinking.

D) understand conservation.

D) understand conservation.

According to class lecture, which of the following developmental processes mature before middle childhood, as shown by declines in brain development?

A)Vision or hearing sensory pathways

B)Language

C)Higher cognitive functions

D) Both language and sensory pathways

D) Both language and sensory pathways

Bilingualism is associated with which of the following?

a)Executive control

b)Cognitive flexibility

c)All of the above.

d)Code-switching

c)All of the above

Which of the following influences language learning abilities in youth?

a)Teacher quality

b)National context

c)Age of the learner

d)All of the above.

d)All of the above.

What concept from Piaget reflects when a student goes back and forth in their analytical thinking when conducting mental arithmetic?

a)Seriation

b) Reversibility

c)Classification

d)Conservation

b) Reversibility

What idea did Vygotsky emphasize about school-age children's learning and instruction?

a)Effective instruction and education require a classroom setting.

b)Children from different cultures all learn effectively from observation.

c)Teachers, peers, and other mentors can all provide instruction for skill-building.

d)None of the above.

c)Teachers, peers, and other mentors can all provide instruction for skill-building.

According to Davis-Kean and colleagues (2009), why are children's accurate self-beliefs important in middle childhood?

a) All of the above.

b)They predict children's behavior.

c)They are often measured by self-report in research studies.

d)They predict children's well-being.

a) All of the above.

Which of the following is true about the Common Core?

a)All of the above.

b)Many teachers favored the Common Core, because it established high standards in education.

c)The Common Core made it easier to compare students' achievement among states in the U.S.

d)Although most teachers initially favored the Common Core, many now oppose it.

a)All of the above.

Which type of school is most inclusive in terms of students who are allowed to attend?

a)Private schools

b)Non-charter public schools

c)Home schools

d)Charter schools

b)Non-charter public schools

The effects of non-shared environment ______ with age in middle childhood.

a)Stay the same

b)Shrink

c)None of the above.

d)Grow

d)Grow

Which of the following is the best example of growth mindset?

a) A child believes they can learn any subject in school if they work hard enough.

b)A child expects to perform well in math class because math skills improve in middle childhood.

c)A child believes she cannot be good at math because she is told that only boys are good at math.

d)A child believes some people are born more intelligent than others.

a) A child believes they can learn any subject in school if they work hard enough.

Which of the following statements best describes the central hypothesis of the family stress model?

a)Poverty indirectly affects children through their parents.

b)Poverty directly affects children.

c)Poverty directly affects parents and children.

d)None of the above.

a)Poverty indirectly affects children through their parents.

What did the "Doll Test" study find?

a)Most young school-age children are not aware of racial prejudice.

b)Young school-age children are aware of racial prejudice.

c)Most young school-age children prefer dolls that look like them.

d)Young school-age children will choose only to play with dolls that look like them.

b)Young school-age children are aware of racial prejudice.

What can schools and communities do to prevent bullying?

a)Change the culture of the school to promote a more accountable "child culture".

b)Reduce bystander effects stemming from a lack of solutions.

c) All of the above.

d)Intervene early.

c) All of the above.

Which of the following is a criticism of Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

A)Doesn't examine children's use of intellectual abilities in their moral reasoning

b) Doesn't address culture or gender differences

c)All of the above.

d)Doesn't include global moral principles

b) Doesn't address culture or gender differences

What is the main difference between unpopular children in middle childhood who are neglected as opposed to rejected?

a)Rejected children tend to develop fewer emotional problems than their neglected peers.

b) Neglected children are not actively rejected or shunned.

c)Neglected children tend to be more timid and anxious than their rejected peers.

d)Neglected children are more likely to be bullied than their rejected peers.

b) Neglected children are not actively rejected or shunned.

In which class of family structure is it possible for a grandparent to serve as a child's primary caregiver?

a) All of the above.

b)Single-parent families

c)Extended family

d)Two-parent families

a) All of the above.

Which parenting style has been shown to promote child self-esteem?

a) Authoritative

b)Indulgent

c)Permissive

d)Authoritarian

a) Authoritative

Which of the following statements is true about shared environments between twins?

a)It includes individual experiences and feelings

b)Effects of a shared environment on traits grow with age

c)Effects of a shared environment on traits shrink with age.

d)None of the above

c)Effects of a shared environment on traits shrink with age.

Within the hypothalamic pituitary axis (HPA axis), what do the adrenal glands release?

a)Estrogens (estradiol) and androgens (testosterone)

b)Adrenocorticotropin releasing hormone

C) Androgens, epinephrine (adrenaline), and cortisol

d)All of the above

C) Androgens, epinephrine (adrenaline), and cortisol

What influences in Bronfenbrenner's exosystem contribute to distorted body image and disordered patterns of eating?

a)Peers

b)Family

c) Mass media

d)Overall health

c) Mass media

David is an adolescent boy who often exercises until he is exhausted, and he rigidly adheres to a strict diet. Frequently after working out, David will eat large quantities of nutritious foods, but sometimes when alone, he craves unhealthy foods and overeats them. These brief moments of uncontrollable eating leave him in distress. What diagnosis is David most likely to receive?

a) Binge Eating Disorder

b)Anorexia Nervosa

c)None of the above. Adolescent boys are not susceptible to eating disorders.

d)Bulimia Nervosa

a) Binge Eating Disorder

Which of the following has the strongest influence on adolescents' sexual behaviors?

a)Close friends

b)Double standard

c)Mass media

d)Parents

a)Close friends

Which of the following is a symptom of the eating disorder Anorexia Nervosa?

a)Purging

b)Binge eating

c) Voluntarily undereating

d)Intentional vomiting

c) Voluntarily undereating

Based on the reading by Blakemore and colleagues (2009), which of the following is in the right order as it occurs in puberty?

a)None of the above

b)Activation of Growth Axis, Adrenarche, Gonadarche

c)Gonadarche, Adrenarche, and Activation of Growth Axis

d)Adrenarche, Gonadarche, and Activation of Growth Axis

d)Adrenarche, Gonadarche, and Activation of Growth Axis

The heightened sensitivity of the ____ during adolescence is associated with greater reward sensitivities

a)Temporal parietal junction

b)Ventral striatum

c)Prefrontal cortex

d)Anterior insula

b)Ventral striatum

Which of the following was mentioned in lecture as a way to reduce bullying of sexual minority youth?

a)Change mass media content to reduce social comparison and to promote positive images of the human body and sexuality.

b) All of the above

c)Create evidence-based interventions to educate families about sexual diversity.

D) Create comprehensive sex education in schools.

D) Create comprehensive sex education in schools.

What is one of the first observable signs of puberty in girls?

a) Breast budding and nipple growth

b)Menarche

c)Growth spurt

d)Widening of the hips

a) Breast budding and nipple growth

How can typical changes in an adolescent's circadian rhythm affect them?

a)Increase their energy late at night

B)All of the above

c)Increase their appetite late at night

d)Increase their exhaustion early in the morning

B)All of the above

Which brain structure is most associated with desires and motivation?

a)Hippocampus

b)Amygdala

c)Prefrontal cortex

d)Nucleus accumbens

d)Nucleus accumbens

According to the age-crime curve, when does criminal activity peak across Western cultures?

a)Adulthood

b) Late adolescence and early adulthood

c)Early adolescence

d)Middle adolescence

b) Late adolescence and early adulthood

What is the difference between intuitive and analytic thought?

a)Intuitive thought results from heuristics, whereas analytic thought arises from general rules.

b)Intuitive thought is formal hypothetical-deductive thinking, whereas analytic thought is a belief or general rule.

c) Intuitive thought arises from an emotion or a hunch, whereas analytic thought results from logic.

d)Intuitive thought depends on logic and rationality, whereas analytic thought is influenced by past experiences and cultural assumptions.

c) Intuitive thought arises from an emotion or a hunch, whereas analytic thought results from logic.

According to Steinberg (2005), adolescents do not simply consider the relative risks and consequences of their behavior in rational ways; instead, many of their actions are largely influenced by...

a) their feelings and social influences

b)their executive functions

c)their frequent use of intuition

d)their interests

a) their feelings and social influences

Which of the following terms best describes adolescents' tendency to feel as though their lives are destined to be unique and greater than those around them?

a)Delusional thinking

b)Personal fable

c)Invincibility fable

d)Imaginary audience

b)Personal fable

n her science class, Stephanie was asked to observe how the water changes as it is heated up by a flame. Stephanie observed the water boiling and steaming, and she used a thermometer to check the temperature, concluding that water changes physical states when boiled at 100 degrees celsius. What kind of reasoning is Stephanie using?

a) Deductive reasoning

b) Inductive reasoning

c)Intuitive reasoning

d)Moral reasoning

a) Deductive reasoning

Which of the following is the best example of an intrinsic motivation?

a)David works tirelessly in school to earn good grades so that he can go to a prestigious university.

b)Joan puts in a lot of effort to master scientific skills because she comes from a family of scientists and she wants their approval.

c)Jose puts in a lot of effort to master writing skills because he takes pride in the quality of all his written work.

d)Cecilia works hard to learn a second language because it will allow her to travel more easily abroad.

c)Jose puts in a lot of effort to master writing skills because he takes pride in the quality of all his written work.

According to a 2019 study presented in lecture, what age group shares the most fake news on Facebook?

a)51- to 64-year-olds

b)31- to 50-year-olds

c)65+ year-olds

d)18- to 30-year-olds

c)65+ year-olds

Which of the following statements is true about the U.S. high school dropout rate?

a)Dropout rates are lowest for European American students.

b)Dropout rates have increased for disadvantaged students.

c)Dropout rates have decreased overall.

d)None of the above.

c)Dropout rates have decreased overall.

Who do early adolescents think about the most?

a)Their peers

b)Themselves

c)Their family

d)Strangers

b)Themselves

Andre is an adolescent boy in his freshman year of high school. He prides himself in his academic skills and athletic ability, and most importantly, his close family relationships and familial responsibilities. Andre looks up to his parents as role models and he has always accepted their cultural values and the role they expect him to play in their family. Which of the following identity statuses does Andre most closely resemble?

a) Identity foreclosure

b)Role confusion

c)Moratorium

d) Identity achievement

Identity foreclosure

According to the textbook, all of the following statements are true about adolescents' relationships with their parents, except...

a)cultures vary in the importance placed on closeness within the family.

b)family conflict peaks during early adolescence.

c)adolescents play a small role in influencing closeness within the family.

d)parental monitoring can have a positive or negative influence on an adolescent depending on the quality of parenting and family communication.

c)adolescents play a small role in influencing closeness within the family.

Identity development during adolescence includes which of the following processes?

a)Family continues to shape identity development during adolescence.

b)Adolescents' identity development is influenced by their reorientation to peers.

c)Peers heavily influence adolescents' identity development.

d) All of the above are involved with identity development.

d) All of the above are involved with identity development.

According to Dr. Falbe's lecture, what is one of the main causes of the historical trend of increasing prevalence rates of obesity in the United States?

a)Genes that predispose people to obesity and overweight

b) Food and social environment

c)Diabetes

d)Decreasing willpower

b) Food and social environment

According to Dr. Falbe's lecture, per the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015-2020, adolescents in the United States are consuming the recommended amounts of _____ .

a)None of the above

b)Seafood

c)Vegetables

d)Whole grains

a)None of the above

Which of the following is the best example of identity foreclosure?

a)Kevin feels comfortable being himself and feels connected to his local Asian American community.

b)Susan is unsure of what she wants to do after high school, and she doesn't care to explore any possibilities.

c)Maria is participating in many volunteer and internship opportunities and trying to decide which path to commit to.

d)Ben is committed to becoming a doctor because his parents have always told him that was best for him.

d)Ben is committed to becoming a doctor because his parents have always told him that was best for him.

According to the Institute of Medicine (2012), why is a systems perspective necessary for accelerating obesity prevention in the United States?

a)It fosters collaboration in combining efforts to prevent obesity.

b)It helps identify potential positive and negative interactions and feedback loops among the recommendations and strategies.

c)It recognizes that prevention efforts need to occur at every level from individual to society.

d)All of the above

d)All of the above

Which of the following was NOT recommended by the Institute of Medicine (2012) for accelerating obesity prevention in the United States?

a)Industry should improve their marketing directed at children and adolescents to support their healthy diets.

b) Parents and educators should promote greater willpower in children and adolescents to resist temptations of unhealthy foods.

c) Officials should encourage physical activity by enhancing the physical and built environment, rethinking community design, and ensuring access to places for such activity.

d) Restaurants should substantially reduce the number of calories served to children.

b) Parents and educators should promote greater willpower in children and adolescents to resist temptations of unhealthy foods

According to the textbook and lecture, what is needed in order for parental monitoring to work effectively?

a)Mutual trust between parent(s) and children

b) All of the above

c)Parent(s) paying attention to their child's mood and behavior

d)Having good communication between parent(s) and children

b) All of the above

Rose is a high school junior with close friends who are student athletes like her. They spend most of their time together training and talking about competitive sports so they can increase their chances of playing collegiate sports. What term best describes the process Rose and her peers are engaged in during most of their time together?

a) Facilitation

b)Selection

c)Homophilly

d)Peer Pressure

a) Facilitation

According to the textbook, three causal pathways to delinquency are related to adolescent stubbornness, shoplifting, and bullying. For which pathway, is early intervention in childhood the best method of preventing future delinquency?

a)Bullying

b)Stubbornness

c)All of the above

d)Shoplifting

c)All of the above

According to Dr. Medina's lecture, which of the following best describes transitivity?

a)You are more likely to be friends with someone that does not share any characteristics with you.

b)You are more likely to be friends with someone that looks like you.

c)You are more likely to be friends with someone who has multiple ties with you.

d) You are more likely to be friends with someone who has mutual friends with you

d) You are more likely to be friends with someone who has mutual friends with you

According to Dr. Medina's lecture, which of the following is an example of diversity?

a) A classroom having a majority of ethnic-minority youth

b) A classroom with mostly students of color and one White student

c)A classroom having a majority of White students and one Mexican-American student

d) A classroom with proportional representation of various ethnic groups

d) A classroom with proportional representation of various ethnic groups

According to lecture, which of the following is TRUE regarding adolescent substance use?

a)Problematic use of alcohol and cannabis peaks during high school.

b)50% of high school students use cannabis on a daily basis for one month or longer.

c) Most high school students who have tried alcohol are not consuming it on a daily basis.

d)Abusing alcohol is normative during high school.

c) Most high school students who have tried alcohol are not consuming it on a daily basis.

According to lecture, which form of anxiety disorder is most common among adolescents?

a)Specific Phobia

b)Separation Anxiety Disorder

c) Panic Disorder

d) Trait Anxiety

c) Panic Disorder

According to the TED Talk video shown in lecture, what changes in the brain are caused by chronic stress?

a)Activity levels and neural connections within the amygdala increase.

b)Electrical signals deteriorate in the hippocampus.

c)The prefrontal cortex shrinks.

d) All of the above

d) All of the above

Which of the following statements about mental health in the United States is TRUE?

a)Men and women have more similar rates of mental illness than adolescent boys and girls.

b)Young adults have higher rates of mental health treatment than older adults.

c)Young adults have lower rates of mental illness than older adults.

d)Older adolescents have higher rates of mental illness than younger adolescents.

d)Older adolescents have higher rates of mental illness than younger adolescents.

According to the Psychology Today article assigned by Dr. Medina, what is the name of the mathematical assessment of numerical diversity?

a)Social Network Analysis

b)Propinquity Scale

c) Simpson's Index

d)Diversity Rating

c) Simpson's Index

Based on the textbook, which of the following statements about adolescent suicide is FALSE?

a)More adolescent boys commit suicide than adolescent girls.

b)Suicidal ideation during adolescence is common.

c)Adolescent girls show higher rates of parasuicide than adolescent boys.

d) More adolescent boys attempt suicide than adolescent girls.

d) More adolescent boys attempt suicide than adolescent girls.

Based on the textbook, adolescent drug use has shown which of the following historical trends?

a)Adolescent drug use has generally increased over the last 40 years.

b)Adolescent alcohol use has decreased over the last 40 years.

c)Adolescent use of heroin and other opioids has increased in recent years.

d)All of the above.

b)Adolescent alcohol use has decreased over the last 40 years.

Dr. Anistranki reported which historical trend about college attendance?

a) None of the above.

b)There are equal amounts of male and female students who attend college now.

c)There are more male students who attend college now.

d) There are more female students who attend college now.

d) There are more female students who attend college now.

According to Dr. Anistranski's lecture, to alter the institutional structure of universities, changes in campus culture need to be ______.

a)Intentional

b)Diverse

c)Comprehensive

d)None of the above

a)Intentional

According to Dr. Anistranski's lecture, which of the following statements is FALSE?

a) In recent years, more middle-income high school graduates enrolled in college than low-income graduates.

b)Among those with bachelor's degrees or higher, there is a gender wage gap.

c)Graduation rates (within 6 years) are lowest for private for-profit colleges.

d)Students enrolled in undergraduate degree programs are predominantly White.

a) In recent years, more middle-income high school graduates enrolled in college than low-income graduates.

According to Parker & Johnston (2016), why can indigenous institutions inform the transformation of higher education in the United States?

a) They offer a better education about institutional transformation than conventional models of higher education.

b)They originated from the unmet needs to educate their historically marginalized communities.

c) They already transformed the conventional model of higher education to address their cultural and historical contexts.

d)They serve predominantly first-generation Native American students, usually in isolated and rural parts of the country.

c) They already transformed the conventional model of higher education to address their cultural and historical contexts.

Parker and Johnston (2016) reference indigenous institutions in all of the following countries, EXCEPT ______.

a)Canada

b) India

c)New Zealand

d)United States

b) India