Untitled Flashcards Set

What does Anti-liberalism refer to?

Opposition to democracy and individual freedom.

What is Anti-Semitism?

Hostility to or prejudice against Jewish people.

Define Autarky.

Economic self-sufficiency.

What were the Autobahnen?

A federal controlled-access highway system in Germany.

What does the term Aryan denote?

A 'pure' German race descended from Indo-European peoples, typically with blond hair and blue eyes.

What were the Black Shirts?

A paramilitary group supporting the fascists in Italy.

Who were the Brown Shirts?

The original Nazi paramilitary group in Hitler's Germany.

What is Corporatism?

The control of a state or organization by large interest groups.

What is a coup d'état?

A sudden unlawful overthrow of government.

What does Cult of Leadership mean?

A group of people with a glorified image of their leader.

What was the Dawes Plan?

A 1924 agreement between the U.S. and Germany to help Germany pay off its war reparations.

Define dissent.

Holding or expressing opinions that are different from those commonly or officially held.

What does Duce mean?

Leader in Italian.

What was the Enabling Act?

A 1933 law allowing the German chancellor to enact laws without Reichstag approval.

Define Eugenics.

The science of controlling human reproduction to encourage desirable traits.

What is euthanasia in the context of Nazi Germany?

Ending someone's life to relieve suffering, used to systematically murder children with disabilities.

What is extremism?

The holding of extreme political or religious views.

What do Fasces symbolize?

Unity and power.

Define fascism.

A totalitarian philosophy that glorifies the state and seeks control over all aspects of life.

What does Führer mean?

Leader in German.

What was the Gestapo?

The secret police force in Nazi Germany.

What was the Hitler Youth?

An organization for training German boys in Nazism.

What is inflation?

An increase in the price of products, labor costs, and interest rates.

What were the Lateran Accords?

Pacts settling disputes between the Catholic Church and Italian government in 1929.

Who were the League of German Maidens?

A group that trained German girls in comradeship, domestic duties, and motherhood.

What does Lebensborn refer to?

A program designed to propagate Aryan traits through selective reproduction.

Define Lebensraum.

Nazi ideology that Germans needed more land.

What is Mein Kampf?

Hitler's book outlining his plans for the glorification of the German state.

What is nationalism?

Strong identification with one's own nation, often at the expense of others.

What does National Socialism refer to?

Nazism; a far-right totalitarian ideology.

What were the Nuremberg Laws?

1935 laws that prohibited relationships between Germans and Jews.

What is the Nazi Party?

The German fascist political party led by Hitler.

What is the Oath of Allegiance?

A requirement for military members to swear loyalty to Hitler rather than the nation.

What does paramilitary mean?

An organization operating outside of a formal military structure.

Define propaganda.

Biased or misleading information used to support a political cause.

What does reactionary mean?

Opposed to change; conservative.

What was the Reich Citizenship Law?

Forbade individuals with Jewish ancestry from being Reich citizens.

What is the Reichstag?

The German parliament.

What was the Reichstag Fire Decree?

1933 decree that suspended civil liberties following the Reichstag Fire.

What are reparation payments?

Compensation for war damage paid by a defeated state.

What is the Rhineland?

A demilitarized industrial strip of German land bordering France, Belgium, and the Netherlands.

What does right wing mean?

Conservative; favoring free enterprise and traditional values.

What is a scapegoat?

A person or group blamed for someone else's wrongdoings.

What does Schutzstaffel (SS) refer to?

The elite paramilitary force of the Nazis.

What is sterilization?

A surgical procedure that prevents reproduction.

What does Sturmabteilung (SA) mean?

Another name for the Brown Shirts.

What was the Treaty of Versailles?

The treaty that ended World War I.

Who are the Untermenschen?

People deemed 'subhuman' by Nazis, including Jews and other minorities.

What is the War Guilt Clause?

Part of the Treaty of Versailles that made Germany accept responsibility for WWI.

What is the Weimar Constitution?

The constitution enacted under the Weimar Republic in 1919.

What was the Weimar Republic?

The democratic government formed in Germany after WWI.

Who was the White Rose Society?

A German resistance group against the Nazi regime.

What was the Beer Hall Putsch?

A failed Nazi coup d'état in 1923.

What role did King Victor Emmanuel III play?

King of Italy who allowed Mussolini to form a government.

What was the Great Depression?

An economic crisis during the 1930s leading to high unemployment.

What was the Holocaust?

The systematic persecution and mass murder of six million Jews by the Nazis.

Who was President Paul Hindenburg?

President of the Weimar Republic who passed the Reichstag Fire Decree.

Who was Adolf Hitler?

Austrian-born politician and dictator of Nazi Germany.

What was Kristallnacht?

The 1938 pogrom in which synagogues were destroyed and many Jews were arrested.

Who was Leilani Muir?

A victim of forced sterilization who filed a successful lawsuit.

What was the March on Rome?

A mass demonstration that led to Mussolini gaining power.

What was the M.S. St. Louis?

A ship carrying Jewish refugees that was denied entry to Cuba and the U.S.

Who was Benito Mussolini?

The dictator of Fascist Italy.

What was the Night of the Long Knives?

The 1934 purge of SA members and political opponents by the SS.

What was the Reichstag Fire?

A 1933 arson attack that led to a suspension of civil liberties.

Who was Sophie Scholl?

A member of the White Rose Society who resisted the Nazi regime.

What are the elements of totalitarian regimes?

Extensive organization, forced participation, scapegoating, media censorship, secret police, and indoctrination.

What were the reasons for the appeal of the Nazi party?

Strong nationalism, militarism, and the promise to restore law and order.

What were military restrictions on Germany in the Treaty of Versailles?

Demilitarization of the Rhineland, territorial concessions, troop limits in the army and navy.