b3 - organisation and the digestive system

what is the test for simple sugars?

benedict's solution

what is the test for starch?

iodine test 

what is the test for lipids?

ethanol test

what is the test for proteins?

biuret test

what colour does benedict's solution go for a + result?

brick red

what colour does starch go for a + result?

blue black

what colour does ethanol go for a + result?

cloudy

what colour does biuret test go for a + result?

purple

what colour does biuret test go for a - result?

blue

 what is tissue

a group of specialised cells working together

what is an organs

a collection of tissues. an organ is made up of several of these working together to perform a specfic function

what tissues does the stomach contain?

• muscular tissue
  - glandular tissue
  - epithelial tissue

what are the functions of the pancreas

• makes hormones to control blood sugar
  - makes digestive enzymes

how many tissues in the pancreas

2

what are organ systems

a group of organs working together to perform specific functions

what is the digestive system

a muscular tube that squeezes food through it, converting large insoluble molecules to small soluble ones ready for absorption

what do glands do

make and secrete digestive juices containing enzymes to break down food

what are the main food groups

• carbs
  - lipids
  - proteins

what do carbs provide us with

the fuel that makes al of the other reactions of life possible

chemical structure of carbs

carbon hydrogen oxygen

small carbs are aka as what

simple sugars

complex carbs example

• starch
  - cellulose

carb rich foods examples

• rice
  - potatoes
  - bread
  - pasta

what will most carbs be broken down into

glucose

what is glucose from carbs used for

cellular respiration for metabolic reactions

what is the most energy efficient store of energy

lipids

what are lipids made up of

3 fatty acids and a glycerol

what determines whether the lipid will be a fat or an oil

the combination of fatty acids

what are proteins used for 

• building cells and tissues
  - basis of all enzymes
  - antibodies
  - hormones

betwen what %s of body mass is proteins

15-16%

protein chemical build up

carbon hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen

protein rich foods

• meat
  - fish
  - pulses
  - cheese

what are proteins made of 

amino acids

how can proteins denature

wrong temperature or pH

active sites are what to the substrate

complementary

enzymes control what

metabolism

metabolic reactions examples

• building large molecules from smaller ones
  - changing onw molecule into another
  - breaking down large molecules

enzymes are what

biological catalysts

metabolism is what

the sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body

what affects enzyme activity

temperature and pH

what does denaturation cause

the changing of the active site meaning an ineffective enzyme

what is carbohydrate breakdcown catalysed by

amylase and carbohydrase

what is protein digestive enzyme

protease

what is protein broken down into 

amino acids

what are fats broken down into 

fatty acids and glycerol

what is fat breakdown catalysed by

lipase

 protease enzyme works best in what pHs

acidic

the enzymes made in the pancreas and small intestine work best in what conditions?

alkaline

do on mwb

all correct