unit 6: health psychology

self

organizes thoughts, feelings, actions and is the center of personality

• possible selves inspire goals

self-esteem

feelings of low/high self-worth

• defensive/secure

self-efficacy

sense of competence

self-serving bias

perceiving ourselves favorably

Dunning-Kruger effect

when dumb people think they’re smart

narcissism

excessive self-love

individualism

cultural pattern emphasizing individual’s own goals and unique identity

• importance of individuals

collectivism

cultural pattern emphasizing the goals of society

• importance of groups

emotion

response resulting from a combo of…

• physiological arousal

• expressive behaviors

• conscious experience/feelings

common sense (emotion theory)

stimulus —> conscious experience —> feeling —> bodily arousal —> expressive behavior

• ex: see bear —> i’m scared —> scared —> heart races —> run away

James-Lange theory (emotion theory)

stimulus —> bodily arousal —> expressive behavior —> conscious experience —> feeling

• ex: see bear —> heart races —> run —> feel fear

Cannon-Bard theory (emotion theory)

stimulus —> bodily arousal + conscious experience/feeling —> expressive behavior

• see bear —> heart races and feel fear (at the same time) —> run

Schachter-Singer (two factor emotion theory)

stimulus —> bodily arousal —> cognitive label —> conscious experience/feeling —> expressive behavior

• see bear —> heart races —> think this is dangerous —> feel fear —> run

spillover effect

when excitement/emotion from one situation affects how you feel in a different situation

Zajonc-LeDoux (emotion theory)

• high road: stimulus —> thalamus —> cortex (analyzed + labeled) —> amygdala (sends response command) —> bodily arousal —> feeling —> expressive behavior

  • sees bear —> that’s a bear it might be dangerous —> i should probably run —> heart races —> fear —> run

• low road: stimulus —> thalamus —> amygdala —> bodily arousal —> expressive behavior [—> conscious experience —> feeling]

  • ex: see bear —> i should probably run —> heart races —> run

Lazarus

stimulus —> thalamus —> cognitive appraisal (dangerous or not?) —> amygdala —> bodily arousal —> expressive behavior [—> conscious experience —> feeling]

• ex: see bear —> it’s dangerous —> i should probably run —> hear races —> run

polygraph

lie detectors that measure emotional changes in physiology