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1. Winston Churchill -

1. replaced Neville Chamberlain as prime minister, peace is never an option

Joseph stalin

1. became new Soviet dictator in 1926, started massive effort to industrialize his country in 1927

Adolf Hitler

1. a fervent anticommunist and an admirer of Mussolini

Benito Mussolini

1. a former schoolmaster and journalist who returned from WWI and convinced his country to become its fascist leader

Appeasement

1. a policy used by Britain and France with Hitler, to give concessions in exchange for peace

Internationalism

idea that trade between nations creates prosperity and helps to prevent war

Blitzkrieg

1. lightning war, used large numbers of massed tanks to break through and encircle enemy positions

Maginot Line

1. line of concrete bunkers and fortifications along the German border built by France

Anschluss

1. unification. Hitler sent troops into Austria in March and announced the ____ of Austria and Germany

Neutrality Act of 1935

1. made it illegal for Americans to sell arms to any country at war

Vladimir Lenin

1. led the Bolshevik Party to establish communist governments throughout the Russian empire

Manchuria

1. resource-rich province in northern China, targeted by Japan to get conquered

Fascism

a kind of aggressive nationalism, believed the nation was more important than the individua

Battle of Britain

1. Luftwaffe launched an all-out air battle to destroy the British Royal Air Force, lasted into fall of 1940

Holocaust

1. catastrophe that ravaged Europe’s Jews, 6 million Jews were killed

Nuremberg Laws

took citizenship away from Jewish Germans and banned marriage between Jews and other Germans

Wannsee Conference

1. meeting with 15 Nazi leaders held in a Berlin suburb, to determine the “final solution of the Jewish question.”

Concentration camps

1. detention centers where Nazis put Jews in to work

Extermination camps

attache to concentration camps where many Jews were mass executed in massive gas chambers

America First Committee

1. Roosevelt’s destroyers-for-bases deal led to the founding of ____, was a staunchly isolationist group that firmly opposed any American intervention or aid to the Allies

Lend-Lease Act

1. U.S. can lend or lease arms to any country considered vital to the U.S.

Hemispheric defense zone

1. entire western half of Atlantic was neutral and U.S. can patrol the Atlantic to reveal Germans

Atlantic Charter

1. committed Roosevelt and Churchill to a postwar world of democracy, nonaggression, free trade, etc.

Strategic material

1. materials important for fighting a war