Oral Health & Prevention Midterm

Reserve space

space reserved for adult teeth by primary teeth

anatomic crown

the part of the tooth covered with enamel

clinical crown

the part of the tooth visible in the mouth

parts of the root

cementum- dentin - root canal

Red zone

frontal plane

Green zone

sagittal plane

Blue Zone

Horizontal plane

mixed dentition

primary and permanent teeth mixed in the mouth - starts at 6 yrs

Canine numbers

6, 11, 22, 27

first molar numbers

3, 14, 19, 30

when does the permanent first molar erupt?

6 years - mixed dentition - mandibular molar first

when does the exfolliation of the primary second molar occur?

12 years - maxillary molar last - all permanent dentition now

number of primary teeth

20 - incisors 8, canine 4, molars 8

what permanent tooth is first to errupt?

primary mandibular molar

Succedaneous teeth

teeth that follow after deciduous teeth in the same pockets (so not permanent molars)

longest teeth

canines

teeth with longest root

canines

last primary teeth to typically be lost

canines

labial side of tooth

front of anterior teeth

facial side of tooth

front of anterior teeth

incisal side of tooth

the top of the anterior teeth - sharpe cutting edge

interproximal

space between two teeth

name the divisions top to bottom

root tip - apical

middle of root - middle

root connecting to tooth - cervical

tooth connecting to the root - cervical

middle of tooth - middle

tip of tooth - incisal

height of contour

the most elevated part on the buccal/lingual surface (like a bulge)

fossa

the close area of the incline leading to a pit or groove

sulcus

the broad depression/valley on posterior teeth

embrasures

v shaped spaces that are formed by the curvature of the teeth (gum line between teeth/ triangles at bottom of teeth) - gingival, occlusal, buccal, lingual

ADA naming system

US system 1-32

Palmer-Zigmondy naming system

1-8 with upper and lower indications

FDI Naming System

Canadian naming system

(Adult - 11,21,31,41)

(Child - 51, 61, 71, 81)

when do maxillary 1st molars errupt

6 yrs

when do maxillary 2nd molars erupt

12-13 yrs

when do maxillary 3rd erupt

18 - 25 yrs

when do mandibular 1st molars erupt

6-7 yrs

when do mandibular 2nd molars errupt

11-13 yrs

when do mandibular 3rd molars errupt

17-21 yrs

when do maxillary 1st premolars errupt

10-11 year

when do maxillary 2nd premolars errupt

12-13 yrs

mandibular 1st premolar eruption

10-12 years

mandibular 2nd premolars

11-12 yrs

occlusion

the relationship between the masticating surfaces

type of occlusion

normal occlusion

Type of occlusion

class 2 malocclusion - upper molar is shifted forward of the mandibular molar

type of occlusion

class 1 malocclusion- crowding of front teeth

type of occlusion

class 3 malocclusion - maxillary molar is shifted way back, not even with the mandibular molar

Angles classification of malocclusion

normal - maxillary molar pretty even/slightly behind mandibular molar

class 1 - maxillary molar pretty even/slightly behind mandibular molar but incisal teeth are crowded

class 2 - maxillary molar is shifted in front of mandibular molar

class 3 - maxillary molar is shifted behind the mandibular molar so they barely contact

gnathology

the concept of the importance of the bumps/grooves in the teeth

centric relation

Centric Relation is the jaw position where the lower jaw joints sit securely and stably in their sockets, regardless of how the teeth touch.

Centric Occlusion

The very first spot your teeth touch when your jaw joints are in their stable position.

Maximal Intercuspation position

The position where your teeth fit together as tightly and completely as possible, like a puzzle locking in.

TMJ joint works how?

unusual synovial joint

• first 10% is rotation of condyle

• transverse movement along glenoid fossa

what type of tissue covers the TMJ

fibrocartilage (NOT hyaline cartilage)

what does each line correspond to

1. articular disc

2. articular disc in articular fossa

4. grey = ligament 

5. middle dot = condyle

6. red = muscle

Anterior Coupling

describes how the teeth fit into eachother in bioesthetics

Pankey & Dawson Schools

build occlusion from centric relation, differ in managing front teeth, and allow Long Centric—a smooth slide from CO to MIP

Long Centric

flattening the lower incisors and broadening the upper cingulum—we can allow the jaw to slide smoothly from CO to MIP (about 1.5–2 mm) without changing the bite height.

 Conformational

Occlusion

works with the patient’s current bite, letting them function as is; it’s common in practice, unless the bite has problems

How to find most relaxed state of jaw and what does it tell us

use electronic stimulation of muscles to locate the jaw muscles’ most relaxed state, and in this position, the resting muscle length sets the condyle’s position

Joint-based occlusion

sets the bite based on the position of the condyle and disk in the joint during maximum tooth contact

articulating eminence

the bony ridge in the jaw that guides the opening and closing of the jaw, specifically the articulating disc

Arrows point at?

top arrow - functional contacts

bottom arrow - static contacts

mutually protected occlusion

Back teeth protect the front teeth when biting, and front teeth guide the jaw to protect the back teeth during movement.

canine guidance

he canines lead the jaw’s side movements, preventing the back teeth from touching. - just canines touch

What is happening

canine guidance

What is the lef arrow pointing at

Canine Guidance Occlusion

anterior guidance

The front teeth lead jaw movements, protecting the back teeth from contact.

what is happening?

anterior guidance

group function

Teeth on the moving side work together to handle the load, and teeth on the opposite side don’t touch.

• one side touches the other doesn’t

• posterior

What is the red arrow pointing at

working side during group function

Bilateral Balanced Occlusion

For dentures so working and non working side contact at the same time to not tip the dentures.

disclusion

when some teeth touch, preventing other teeth from touching

eccentric movements

jaw motions away from full bite, like moving forward, backward, or side-to-side.

Laterotrusive contacts

working contacts that touch on the Lingual inclines of maxillary lingual cusps interacts with buccal Inclines of mandibular lingual cusps.

mediotrusive contacts

non-working contacts where The buccal inclines of the maxillary lingual cusps interacts with the lingual inclines of the mandibular buccal cusps.

Type of contact

laterotrusive (working)

Type of contact

mediotrusive (non-working)

Posselt’s Envelope of Motion

The limits (range) of mandibular

movement in three planes of space

along the three axes of “rotation”.

first 10-20mm of jaw opening

rotation

50-60mm of jaw opening

translation

Axis of rotation

horizontal

Axis of rotation

frontal

Axis of rotation

sagittal

What are the circles

Yellow - glabella

blue - medial canthus

purple - lateral canthus

What are the circles

yellow - naris (opening of nasal cavity)

purple - ala (wing of nose)

what are the circles

yellow - pinna (auricle)

blue - tragus

red - helix

landmarks for facebow

glabella, tragus

nasolabial folds

laugh lines

what are the circles

Red - comisures

Blue - vermillion border

Purple - philtrum

red muscle

sternocleomastoid muscle

What is the arrow pointing to?

parotid papilla - covers stenson’s duct

What is the arrow pointing to? what is the area next to it

labial frenum

vestibule is the space between teeth/lips/cheeks

What is the arrow pointing to?

exostosis

the bony ridge or raised thickened border of the upper or lower jaw that contains the sockets of the teeth

Alveolar Process

Stensons duct location

parotid duct - by maxillary secondary molar

What is on the lip

fordyce granules - etopic sebaceous glands

Blue line and blue hilighetd regions

blue line - Mucogingival line

blue hilighter - interdental papilla

black triangle

place of missing interdental papilla

What is at each number and in the circle

1. circumvate papillae

2. fungiform papillae

3. filiform papillae

4. foliate papillae

5. lingual tonsil

6. palatal tonsil

7. circle = medial sulcus

Lateral border of tongue contains

foliate papillae

dorsal surface of tongue

top of tongue